Chapter III - Robert I, part II
Actually, Some Popular Decisions
Robert’s realm now enjoyed a surprising period of stability, and he was able to expel the final Saxon (who had been getting rather lonely, anyway). Turning his attention overseas, he saw that Arnolph, Duke of Flanders had become a heretic, and was fighting for his independence against King Aubry the Crazed of France. Robert bravely assisted the Heretic of Flanders by attacking him and annexing his best port, Bruges, thus bravely and cleverly ensuring that at least part of Flanders would remain out of French hands. However, after the rest of Flanders was overrun by the French, Mad King Aubry gave the title Duke of Flanders to William de Breteuil, son of the exiled Norman turncoat, FitzWilliam Osborn de Breteuil. This was an act of madness too far for the English to take, and the Norman barons rallied behind Robert in a full-scale invasion of France.
fig 10: This appointment was one of the worst diplomatic insults in history
Robert was able to defeat his dribbling French opponent and capture all of Flanders, although not without managing to get his eldest son, Crown Prince Henry, killed at the siege of Paris (it was apparently custom for Robert’s wars to end in the death of an heir). Thus the war of the Heretic of Flanders was resolved in England’s favour. Robert decided to reinstate Arnolph as Duke of Flanders; although he was a heretic, Robert saw that the Pope at his time was also a heretic, and so came to the conclusion that heresy must somehow be alright now for some reason. Indeed, there followed a wave of sceptical heretic popes in this period. Historians struggling to explain this heretic Pope have pointed out that a) he was deceitful, and b) he was French. An alternate theory is that the Latin translations of ‘infallible’ and ‘inflammable’ became confused in some way. In any event, these Popes had considerable influence in England, and forced Robert to perform strange tasks, such as fight wars with half his regiments missing (known as the Piece of God), and, memorably, revoking all of his invested lays.
fig 11: From inflammable, to infallible: heretics no longer used as firewood
fig 12: Rulers usually agreed to this, rather than reveal their incomprehension
Normal Unpopular Service Resumed
Robert spent his later years fighting continual Baronial uprisings. He tried to intervene in France a second time, as the Occitan regions were in revolt against the new French king Louis (they were of course enraged that the new monarch wasn’t insane). The stages of the second war were as follows: 1) Robert soundly defeated by Louis. 2) Rebels soundly defeated by Louis. 3) England loses Normandy. 4) England loses Flanders (to the symmetrically-named rebel, Andre de Flandre). 5) Robert dies slowly and painfully from a surfeit of unpopularity.
The entire country celebrated upon hearing this news (even the Dolphin, though dolphins always look kind of happy, so it’s hard to tell what they’re thinking, really). Anyway, although the English barons were upset at losing their Norman homeland, they considered it an acceptable price for also losing Robert.