A small chronology about the formation of our Hansa :
1397 : Internals Dissensions.
The first association of defense against the abuses of the Order, the "Eidechsenbund" or "the Lizards League", appeared in Western Prussia in september 1397. This league was created by the von Renys brothers : Nickel and Hans, and the von Kynthenow brothers : Friedrich and Nickel. Others similar secret societies were created : "the Birds League" or "the Lions League" in differents regions of Prussia and Livonia.
These associations were often real conspiracies who wanted the Teutonic Order territories to become dependant from a normal feodal government rather than the monastic Teutonic Order state. Some Prussian conspirators prefered a polish king than a teutonic Grand Master and thus became traitors.
A lot of prussian or livonian towns on territories belonging to Teutonic Order were in the same time members of the Hansa, and vassals of the Order. So in these towns, the merchants class suffered from the high taxes, the quasi permanent military conscription and the disrespect of certains hanseatic laws by the Order. Complaints were numerous against the Order abuses, the clerics institued monopolies on the trade of some strategic supplies : grain, amber...
1398 :
The Teutonic Order gained the isle of Gotland in a successfull war against the Danes.
1407 :
The Hansa and the prussian towns made great pressions against the Order to compel it to give back Gotland to the Danes, the state of war existing between Danemark and the Teutonic Order ruined the baltic trade.
1410 : Battle of Tannenberg/Grundwald/Zalgiris.
The 15 July, the Teutonic Order is completely defeated by polish and lithuanian allied forces, the Grand Master and the high ranks officers are killed. Only the intervention of some germans mercenaries and some reserves forces lead by Heinrich von Plauen save the Order from a total defeat by successfully defending the Order fortresses.
1411 : Peace of Thorn.
The Teutonic Order realized that it can only count on its own forces in the future. Western chivalry wanted no more to participate in the eastern crusade because the Teutonic Order fight no more against pagans but against christian kingdoms. German nobility began to refuse its aide to the Order, whose reputation had greatly suffered from its military defeats, differents excesses and general arrogance. And the prussian and livonian towns and landed nobility began to ask for more political power in the monastic state.
After the peace, the Teutonic Order began an internal purge against those who didn't support the Order in time of crisis. New taxes were raised. Properties were confiscated. Opponents were executed. The repression was very brutal and some popular towns leaders were executed even if they had nothing to be ashamed of.
The burgomaster of Dantzig, Konrad Lezkau who gave a lot of personal money during the war asked for more burgess control over the Order finances. He was arrested by the Grand Master cousin and executed by him personnaly after the town executionner refused.
1412 : Time of Changes.
Despite his brutal repression of the Order's opponents, Heinrich von Plauen is still the heros of the 1410's war where he saved Marienburg. But his warlike opinions, he planned to declare a new war against Poland in 1413, changed the mind of the others Order's great officers. They began to consider him to be dangerous, compelling them to take measures against him.
The Lizards League, in complicity with the Marshall of the Order, Michael von Kuchmeister, plot against the tyrannical Grand Master.
Here we can imagine that the story diverge from its path :
The plot succeeded and the Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen is destitued and imprisoned in 1412. And instead on focusing on religious topics, Michael von Kuchmeister and the reformist wing of the Teutonic Order allied with the town's representatives and the landed nobility gave priority to the reform of the State.
The conspiracy disclosed the hereticals opinion of the Grand Master : he was in favor of the clercs weddings and he supported the Hussites theories who began to influence the Order members and the prussian population. So the more respected and old Teutonic Knight, Brother Otto von Berstein arrested him, his cousin and severals others greats officers, among them Commander Rudolph von Eilenstein of Dantzig, Father Andreas Pfaffendorf of Thorn...
To appease the situation, the new Grand Master, Michael von Kuchmeister, convoke a General Council of the Order inviting towns and landed nobility representatives. The conservatives knights were against the reforms given politicals rights to the towns and the gentry vassals. While the towns and the landed nobles demanded economicals and politicals rights and were ready to rebel against the Order.
New difficulties arosed.
In 1414, polish forces attacked some fortress on the border.
In 1414, the simple existence of the Order in the north east of Europe was discussed, during the Concile of Constance (1414-1416), Polish theologists will said that there is no more pagans in the baltic region, and that their conversion can be made by locals royal powers. So the military orders were useless and should be dissolved.
And the Hussites ideas continued to progress among the prussian and livonian population and elite, the religious reformists forming the "Toison d'Or" Association. The catholics uniting under the banner of the "Gold Vessel".
Everyone pursued his own agenda :
Towns and landed nobility fought for their rights.
Teutonic Order fought for his own survival.
The Church fought against the Hussites heresy.
Michael von Kuchmeister saw that the crisis had no solution, and that the internals quarrels will provoked the fall of the Order, and after it, the annexion of the prussian and livonian provinces by their neighbours. He decided to play on the upcoming problems to show everybody that the only solution was to face to the problems united and not divised.
He played on the fears of a new war against the mighty alliance of Poland and Lituania and he show everybody that the country cannot defend itself without the order army and if the prussian towns and nobles wanted to stay under german rule, they must accept to fulfill Order's army needs.
In 1415, a synode is convoked by the bishop to settle the hostilities between religious conservatives and reformists (hussites). He united all partisans of the catholic faith, clerics, nobles and commoners together and the heresy was officially condemned.
1416 : Creation of the Prussian and Livonian League.
A General Assembly of the State is gather, and for the first time, representants from the lower classes are authorized to participate as full members. After years of intrigue and manipulation, Michael von Kuchmeister succeeded to make the reform of the state, the main topic of discussion.
"We must indeed all hang together, or assuredly, we shall all hang separately."
Michael von Kuchmeister, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order during the opening speech of the General Assembly of the State in 1416.
In the same time, in Constance, the Teutonic Order is condemned for differents reasons, but Prussia and Livonia are no more a monastic state but a League of Church, nobles and towns representatives.
1418 :
Erik, Duke of Pommerania and King of Danemark, Norway and Sweden since 1410 allied with Poland and Lithuania against all common ennemies.
The hanseatic towns feared already the centralized kingdoms and principalities jealous of the Sund monopole, but this new alliance represent a force impossible to rivalize with.
The Hanseatic League decided to reinforce their ties with the new Prussian and Livonian League, whose majors members were all members of the Hansa. A capital was chosen to be the permanent siege of the Hansa General Assembly, the Hansatag. And Dantzig was chosen, being both a Hanseatic town and close to the Castle of Marienburg, the siege of the Teutonic Order. It will also be a gesture against Poland that Dantzig will never be given back .
1st January 1419 :
The first session of the new Hansetag is convoked in Dantzig.