Libertad o Muerte! Pt. XXXVII - 1858
Unlike the earlier general elections both great parties had chosen their candidates and stances on certain topics quite early and were well prepared for the upcoming national campaign. The choice for the liberals was quite an easy one as they had gathered behind Alberdi and his ideas of modernization and industrialization for the last for years. So his nomination on the liberal convention was jus a formal act. The Partido Federalista was eager to present themselves as a strong and united party already chose their in September 1857. Santiago Derqui Rodríguez, Senator from Cordoba, was elected by a huge majority of the federal convention to run for the office of Prime Minister. Senator Derqui was at that time probably the most prominent member of the parliamentarian opposition as he made his opinions about liberal reforms very clear and public. As a matter of fact since his membership in the Senate he was the senator who used his right to address congress most oftenly and was always trying to gather enough senators around him to veto liberal reforms which had been passed by the congress. Though he was not overwhelmingly successfull with this it made him very popular among his own party and among those platineans who felt aggrived by the liberal government.
Believing that the military victory over Peru would benefit the ruling party, as it always had been, the liberals were looking for an easy victory in the upcoming elections. Thus they were emphasizing the victory in the 'Atacama War' to gather support for the Union Liberal. But when the main points of the 'Silvana Report' became known to the public they incinerated a major debate about military "defense" issues which turned out more and more favourable for the federalists cause.
Especially among military personnel and the denizens of the peruvian border area the Partido Federalisto could gather many supporters.
In April the federalists started a debate over the future realtion between the platinean state and the catholic church, stating that the catholic church had to be granted bigger responsibilities in the sectors of education and science in order to establish a society shaped and steeped by catholicism. While this met great popularity in the rural areas it alienated most city dwellers and immigrants. Two groups which were steadily increasing in numbers and became more important every day. This quickly became a 'home game' for the liberals which had to make little effort to convince the urban populace and the immigrants on which ticket they should vote.
As it (once again) became obvious that the Partido Federalista would gain almost no support at all from immigrants they questioned their right to vote. On a more extreme stance they even doubted that ethnic minorities, like the Aimaras, Guaranis or Patagonians, should have the same rights like 'proper Platineans'. Senator Derqui stated that it would be insane to let everyone, who just comes to platinea, participate in the political decision-making process. His main point was that men without platinean roots could not meassure the consequences of their vote for the nations wellfare and therefore only immigrants of the second generation should be allowed to vote. Due to this approch many rural voters which originally supported the Partido Federalista for their agricultural support and traditional values switched to the Union Liberal as they feared to be oppressed in case of a federalist government.
As election night came close it was everything but certain which said would prevail and the first results were eagerly awaited. The electoral projections saw the federalists around 47% and the liberals around 50% in popular vote but due to the majority voting sytem any of the two factions could come out victorious.
The Union Liberal came away with 52,9% of the popular vote while the Partido Federalista gained 46,7%. While it was the worst electoral result for the liberals since 1850 it was the best for the federalists. Therefore it was yet the slightest margin by which a party came to power.
In the 3rd Congress, which had been extended by 17 seats due to population growth, the liberals took 103 seats (+4) while the federalists took 85 seats (+13). So the majority voting system proved to be in favor of the liberals this time their lead over the federalists in congress melted further.
Examining the electoral map of 1858 it became clear, that the liberal party could gather support mainly in the already developed (aka industrialized) areas, eg Buenos Aires, Uruguay and Parana. A close second were the immigrants and ethnic minorities which supported the liberals to maintain their rights, eg Patagonia Occidental, Chaco, Paraguay. The federalists on the other hand could unindustrialzed and rural regions (eg Salte) as well as among assimilated immigrants (eg Patagonia Oriental) and border area denizens (eg. La Paz).
On July 1st of 1858 King Juan I. inaugurated Juan Bautista Alberdi for his second term as Prime Minister of Platinea.