Chapter Seven: Martin I (1431-1446)
Martin I was a somewhat obscure choice as the new Hochmeister. A man of great ambition, but blessed with little else, Martin wished to emulate and then one-up his forerunners, in both warfare and the economy. His ambition was enough to convince the council to choose him as Hochmeister. He seemed to have a grand idea of, firstly, continuing the conquest of Poland and, secondly, defeating Lithuania, thus gaining for the Order vast lands of men and money. For a man of little ability, the chances of such a thing actually occurring seemed rather slim, and thankfully his advisors were able to slow him down regularly. Of course, such goals also meant further moving away from the idea of the order, as it stopped short of actually attacking non-Christians. Martin was rather adept at appearing to do things that he was not actually going to do – hence his warning of Poland, which may have been mistaken for a soon-to-be war declaration, but was never really going to achieve anything, as Poland was hardly going to attack its neighbours on the Teutonic border.
Martin's ambitions for the economy were also dealt a blow with the retirement of Humbert von Bucholtz in 1433. But with precious little to spend money on anyway, Martin was not particularly fussed. He was waiting with increasing impatience for an opportunity to go to war. “If only Poland were not guaranteed by Bohemia”, he would often grumble, “we would have taken their capital by now”. The recruitment of a superb Army Organiser by the name of Adalbert von Poll allowed the Teutonic Army to increase to 45000 troops, but this was still not enough to convince Martin's advisors of their ability to defeat Bohemia. Instead, Muscowy offered an alternative in 1434 by again going to war with the ever-weakening Horde, an offer Martin gleefully accepted. Martin was very clear about his goal – he wanted Kaffa for himself, much to the displeasure of the council. He was insistent on the matter. “From Kaffa we will be able to push from both sides against the Lithuanians and Poles, and attack the evil Hordes!”. Martin himself led the charge, going into Horde territories previously unknown.
The Hochmeister's ambitious nature did have one benefit – the Teutons managed to claim successfully that Viborg, the last remaining Finnish territory not under their control, did, in fact, belong to them. With the Horde distracted by Muscowy's success to the north, Martin was able to lead his army through to Sarai, amazingly taking the capital of the Horde and, while unable to take Kaffa, accepted the offer of Kouban, where Martin was to stay with his personal army.
Down goes the capital
A little bit of Prussia in Eurasia
Quickly deciding that there was no time like the present, Martin ordered General Theodor von Schwanden to attack Viborg, while England was otherwise occupied in France. Such a move angered the Pope, who was presumably sick of the Order attacking fellow Christians. This was was more-or-less a constant game of cat and mouse, with the allies of England regularly brining in small contingents to siege with, while England itself sent in large armies to catch the attention of von Schwanden and his second-in-command, Isidor von Dellinghausen. With England unwilling to give up Viborg easily, it looked like a stalemate would be the final result for Martin by the beginning of 1441.
Meanwhile, Lithuania had successfully defeated the Golden Horde again, making themselves very dangerous, and clearly the next target of the Order. But first they would need to defeat England, who, despite constant naval and land losses, refused to give up this one province. Eventually even the people of England recognised that they were beaten, and began agitating when peace deals were not accepted. Three generals died in combat, but eventually England was too unstable and exhausted to continue, and agreed to give up Viborg.
Martin could now turn his attentions to a country of his choice. Despite the threat of Lithuania, he wished to immediately declare war on the Golden Horde. After being pleaded with to at least wait until the country recovered, he agreed to wait for at least a year. He instead decided to wait until June of 1446, but weeks before declaring war, Martin suddenly became ill while preparing his troops in Kouban, and died on the 28 April, 1446.
Wars
3rd Muscovite conquest of Golden Horde (1434-1436) – Teutonic victory, conquest of Kouban, reparations
1st Teutonic reconquest of Viborg (1436-1444) – Teutonic victory, reconquest of Viborg
Overview of the reign of Martin I
- Provinces gained: Kouban and Viborg
There is little to say about Martin. He did not rule for very long, and he achieved precious little. His conquest of Viborg can be put down as a positive mark, despite the overly long time it took for anything to be achieved (which can be blamed just as much on England's obstinacy as it can on Martin's diplomatic skills). His conquest of Kouban, however, can be given no such reward. Although it appears to have been the result of some kind of plan (to take Kaffa), it wasn't exactly a well thought out one. The Order was in no position to try and attack their Eastern neighbours
and the Hordes simultaneously. Moreover, the vast distance between the two areas seems to be enough of a reason not to establish a position in the area. The fact that Martin was unable to even take the province he wanted does nothing to help his cause. Therefore, he shall be called
Martin "the Rash".