The New Government
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Weimar Republic. March 4 1933
The Weimar Cabinet
March 4th, 1933. The German federal election of 1933 is underway. The NSDAP is hard at work ensuring that they'll win the majority of seats in the
Reichstag, with members of the SS and SA personally monitoring the voting situation. Over the past couple of weeks, roving gangs of brownshirts have done all they can to terrorize the opposing parties that run against them, trying to improve their party's image while soiling the others. Newspapers of the social democrats and centrists have been banned for criticizing the Nazi Party. Party meetings were violently attacked and broken up. Government officials who are known supporters of opposition were dismissed from office. Six days before the election, Hitler had found a golden opportunity to be rid of the KPD and secure his place in the government. Under mysterious circumstances, fire broke out in the
Reichstag. The Berlin police had found a Dutch communist in the building afterwards, who later admitted to setting the fire. Hitler used this to convince President Paul von Hindenburg to sign the
Reichstag Fire Decree, enacting Article 48 of the Weimar Constiution:
Order of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State
On the basis of Article 48 paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the German Reich, the following is ordered in defense against Communist state-endangering acts of violence:
§ 1. Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124 and 153 of the Constitution of the German Reich are suspended until further notice. It is therefore permissible to restrict the rights of personal freedom [habeas corpus], freedom of (opinion) expression, including the freedom of the press, the freedom to organize and assemble, the privacy of postal, telegraphic and telephonic communications. Warrants for House searches, orders for confiscations as well as restrictions on property, are also permissible beyond the legal limits otherwise prescribed.
And with that, thousands of communists, and any who "support or encourage the criminal aims" of communists, were arrested, including KPD leader Ernst Thälmann, and the Communist Party of Germany was outlawed. The full ban, however, would not take full effect until the day after the election, which was still yet to come. The Communist Party was still in the running, and they had a few aces up their sleeve.
The results were in, and the communists had won the election. Many across the nation were shocked and surprised at the unexpected results. Many had foreseen a landslide by the NSDAP, who were absolutely furious that their bid had failed. The first act of the Communist Party was the release of all who had been imprisoned. Thälmann ordered the Nazi Party banned, the expulsion of any Nazis or Nazi affiliates from Berlin, and Hitler arrested for his blatant abuse of power. In protest of the communist victory, Hitler took his brownshirts and went into full on rebellion throughout Bavaria. The
Reichswehr was sent to put the fascist revolt down with orders to shoot on sight. The battle became very reminiscent of the November Revolution so many years ago. Except this time, the sides had switched and it was the communists in charge, and they were more than happy to put it down.
The rebellion was strong, however. The initial battles ended in failure, and the divisions in Munich were made to retreat. The army was able to contain the fascists while they reorganized and awaited reinforcements from the north. After two months of fighting, on May 22, the last of the Nazis were cornered and eliminated in the city of Landshut. After everything had calmed down, it was noticed that Hitler was nowhere to be found. The search spanned all of Germany to find him and bring him to the gallows. After several weeks, an army patrol discovered him trying to make his way into Austria through Innsbruck. News of his capture was well met among some, but for the majority of Germany, the response was rather lukewarm. His eventual fate at the hands of the Communist Party was unknown, as he was never seen or heard from after, nor was he ever mentioned at all, and anyone who asked would be very strongly encouraged to never ask again.
Quietly watching events unfold in Germany, Josef Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, saw potential in the new communist government as a powerful new ally in Europe. The Soviet foreign minister, Vyacheslav Molotov, was sent to Berlin to formally offer the Communist Party of Germany an invitation into the Communist International. Thälmann was more than happy to accept, and Germany entered into an alliance with the Soviet Union.
With the situation under control, and the new alliance secured, it was time to organize a governing body for the newly formed German Democratic Republic. Ernst Thälmann remained as leader of the Communist Party of Germany, appointing himself General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany. Emil Barth, the most radical member of the old Council of the People's Deputies, was appointed Chairman of the State Council. Richard Müller, a leading figure in the mass-mobilization of the council movement, was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers. The
Reichstag was dissolved and replaced with the People's Chamber, which convened in the renamed Palace of the Republic.
The cabinet of the German Democratic Republic
Now with a proper government in place, the People's Chamber met to discuss Germany's future. Three main issues were put forth: the current state of the economy, the current state of the military, and the extent to which the government has power in Germany. The Chamber came up with the German National Reform Program to address the three main issues. The program started with reforming the military. In early August, all divisions of the
Reichswehr were recalled to Erfurt for reassignment. The new army, named the
Nationale Volksarmee, was reorganized into five
armeekorps of two divisions each.
The Nationale Volksarmee
Officers of the NVA awaiting their new deployment orders in Erfurt
Divisions were then deployed into major areas to curb any attempts at anti-government movements.
With the successful transition into the new army, attention was then turned towards the navy. The
Reichmarine, currently stationed at Wilhelmshaven, was formed into the
Volksmarine, and placed under the administration of the
Nationale Volksarmee.
With the first stage of the reform program completed, it was agreed to shift focus on the economy situation, which when completed would make regaining power over the nation a lot easier. On October 13th, the Economic Recovery Program was enacted to restore the German economy to acceptable levels and to lower unemployment numbers. To oversee the process, the Chamber created the People's Committee of Labor.
On November 3rd, the Committee developed the idea of a high speed road network, dubbing it the
Autobahn, and presented it to the Chamber. It was unanimously approved and construction began immediately.
By January of 1934, the German National Reform Program was deemed a resounding success. By this point, the third focus of the problem, extending government control, had succeeded. Dissent had almost disappeared entirely, and after a successful year, the German people were now more willing to accept the new government. But there was still much to do.