I don't know if this is known, but I haven't seen it posted:
The damage reduction from your defense is = 1- 0.986233^defense = 1- 0.5^(0.02*defense)
Multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.
This is a very good fit so I doubt it is just a close approximation.
One good thing about doing it this way is that perks always have roughly the same effect (with errors from rounding). For example, if you have 0 melee defense and it gets bumped to 50, damage will be reduced by 50%. If it is already 50%, 50 more will give defense 100, which cuts damage by 75%, reducing the remaining damage by half.
Quick reference chart:
Def Reduction
-25 -41
-20 -32
-15 -23
-10 -15
-5 -7
0 0
5 7
10 13
15 19
20 24
25 29
30 34
35 38
40 43
45 46
50 50
55 53
60 56
65 59
70 62
75 65
80 67
85 69
90 71
95 73
100 75
105 77
110 78
115 80
120 81
125 82
130 84
135 85
140 86
145 87
150 88
Cheers
The damage reduction from your defense is = 1- 0.986233^defense = 1- 0.5^(0.02*defense)
Multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.
This is a very good fit so I doubt it is just a close approximation.
One good thing about doing it this way is that perks always have roughly the same effect (with errors from rounding). For example, if you have 0 melee defense and it gets bumped to 50, damage will be reduced by 50%. If it is already 50%, 50 more will give defense 100, which cuts damage by 75%, reducing the remaining damage by half.
Quick reference chart:
Def Reduction
-25 -41
-20 -32
-15 -23
-10 -15
-5 -7
0 0
5 7
10 13
15 19
20 24
25 29
30 34
35 38
40 43
45 46
50 50
55 53
60 56
65 59
70 62
75 65
80 67
85 69
90 71
95 73
100 75
105 77
110 78
115 80
120 81
125 82
130 84
135 85
140 86
145 87
150 88
Cheers