The Invasion of Egypt
As night fell on the 21st of August 1941, artillery and gunfire roared to life along hundreds of miles of the border between the French Empire and Egypt.
The bulk of the French attack came along the coast road in north western Egypt while a much smaller force engaged the Egyptian forces in the western Sudan in order to pin them down and, ideally, to sweep them aside and seize Khartoum.
Though the attack in the south was to fail, the attack in the north was a shattering success. Overwhelmed by the surprise night time attack, all along the Franco-Egyptian border the Egyptian forces were forced to retreat.
Within five days of the start of the war, the town of As Sollum was in French hands and Sidi Barrani was falling, even as overwhelming concentrations of French troops continued to drive the Egyptian armies south into the desert, preventing them from posing any serious obstacle to the French advance along the coast.
The battles along the coast continued into early September with the Egyptian army reinforcing its coastal garrisons with troops from the east to slow, but not stop, the French advance with the aim of keeping them from Alexandria until troops from the other Axis members could arrive to stop the French.
However, the well-oiled French army continued to constantly overwhelm any attempts to halt its progress with the Imperial Guard and the Foreign Legion in particular proving their worth in fierce battles in Egyptian coastal town after Egyptian coastal town.
As the end of September approached, the Egyptian forces sent to attempt to fight for the coast road, the bulk of Egypt’s army, had been completely routed and the French armies were advancing practically unopposed on Alexandria.
By this point French intelligence estimated that the Egyptians had lost ten whole divisions due to annihilation in battle or capture.
So crushing was the French advance that Napoleon IV himself arrived in Egypt to personally take command of the assault on the town of Fuqa where the Egyptians were making a last ditch attempt to stop the French before they could reach Alexandria.
While in reality, the Emperor was heavily advised by his generals and almost always followed their advice, however, he would continue to remain officially in command of the French forces for the remainder of the war in Egypt - allowing the press at home to make many, many comparisons with Napoleon I and his own Egyptian campaign. The difference being that this time it was the French fleet, rather than Nelson, who patrolled the waters of the Nile delta.
Regardless of who was ultimately commanding and responsible for the victories of the French army in Egypt, by the 20th of October the French reached El Alamein and launched their assault on the city of Alexandria and its defenders.
However, in the battle tragedy struck as Egyptian artillery scored a direct hit on a forward command post being visited by General D’Esperey. The general, a veteran and a hero of both the First and Second Weltkrieg, was amongst those killed. In the aftermath of his death, Napoleon IV was forced to take full and active command of the battle of Alexandria where, despite his relative military inexperience, the certainty of having someone in command and the fragmented nature of urban combat allowing low ranking officers to take the initiative, the set back to the French in terms of the war itself was only minor.
However, even as D’Esperey’s body was flown back to France for a full national funeral, a shocking event occurred. For the two years since the defeat of the Commune, southern France itself had known peace - even as the British continued their round-the-clock bombing of German, Flanders-Wallonian and northern French cities and factories. But by October 1942, new Lancaster bombers entered service with the Republican Air Force and were used in a brutal bombing raid on Lyons, industrial capital of the Empire, leaving twelve factories destroyed and hundreds homeless.
For the French it was a bitter and brutal reminder that the Second Weltkrieg was not over yet.