Episode Six - Consolidation and Consternation (1870-1876)
Peace once again prevailed across much of the world for a short time, until the 2nd American Civil War broke out in May of 1871. Sweden rose to the rank of Great Power, displacing the Two Sicilies, nothing which did interest the good citizens of Serbia very much.
Efforts were still made in developing better weapons and eventually the breech-loaded rifle became the standard firearm of the Serb armed forces. A new crack infantry unit, called Guards, was also being trained, exclusively made up of the most loyal and best soldiers. However critical components were hard to source from the world market prolonging the training time.
Map of Europe, May 1871. Note the size and shape of the Netherlands, Flanders and Belgium (Bruxelles), and France extending into Spain.
The new equipment would quickly be put to the test as the third
Serb Asian conquest was initiated, this time aimed at the Sultanate of Atjeh. By September most of the small nation was under Serb control and the last engagement in Banda Aceh would result in a devastating victory.
Atjeh troops were no match against superior Serb forces at the Battle of Banda Aceh
Probably inspired by the Serb aggression, France began the French conquest of North German Wallonia against the North German Federation and it’s allies Württemberg, Bavaria and Baden, Europe was once again embroiled in a large-scale war. In North America the AWCII came to a quick end as both sides agreed to a white peace in December 1872.
As the last phase of the conquest of Atjeh was coming to an end, the envious Dutch decided to begin their own war against Serbia, with the intention of
liberating Montenegro!
To make matters worse, both of Serbia’s allies refused to get involved. Serbia was once again on it’s own. The biggest challenge was the lack of a proper navy – the Serb only had a handful of transport vessels, whereas the Dutch both had capital ships and numerous escorts.
Immediately the troops in Serbia were deployed at the coast anticipating an invasion on Montenegro. And very quickly an invasion fleet did materialize outside Ulcijn, but oddly enough no Dutch troops would disembark – instead the invasion was called off, probably discouraged by the display of Serb force (all the 36.000 men available. This was at the very least a moral victory.
In Asia the situation was not quite so encouraging. The Serb Asian army of 3 brigades were facing an enemy at least 4 times their size. Rather than trying to check the Dutch advance into Atjeh the troops were in haste evacuated from the island back to Johore. The Dutch navy was still not active but that would not last for long.
The ensuing two years Serb troops were playing cat and mouse with the Dutch, the former refusing to fight the superior enemy and instead occupying Dutch provinces. All of Atjeh and Johore finally came under enemy control, however most of the enemy territory, save Java, had fallen to the Serbs. Eventually the Dutch grew tired and proposed a
White Peace. Serbia graciously accepted.
In the meantime, the NGF had surrendered, handing over Wallonia to France. Sensing weakness both Austria-Hungary and Russia quickly lunged themselves at the Germans. The war would not last long and Austria-Hungary would eventually take back Bohemia.
Scientists, industrialists and academics were jointly making advances in modernizing the armed forces, and soon Serbia would be able to produce ammunition and explosives on its own.
Although mastering the technology few capitalists would invest in the new industries for years to come
State-subsidised efforts to promote major technological breakthroughs had recently been limited to the army and the manufacturing industries, whereas general culture to improve education had previously been the focus. Both the commerce and navy branches had received only very little attention.
Bu 1876 it was time to take stock of the situation, now 40 years into the grand plans originally hatched by Prince Aleksandar. Serbia was a different country by now with a population 6 times that of 1836. Of which half were from the colonies, although Serbs still remained the main ethnic group.
Wool remained a difficult good to procure, resulting a reduce quality of life for all strata of society
The most profitable provinces were colonial, depending on exports of coffee, tea, fruit and coal. Factories were still an insignificant part of the overall profit and a small employer. As Serbia was not part of any major powers sphere of influence, the economy remained isolated. Especially during wartime exports plummeted and access to foreign goods became very difficult.
For some time the the colonial governor of Ampanihy, southern part of Madagascar, had been advocating expansion northwards. It would only make sense to unite the entire island, providing access to abundant resources, but of course also allowing the natives of the north to become civilized and literate modern citizens!
It seemed the French had the exact same thought and one suddenly one morning the Tricolore flew over towns and cities. Any hopes of further African possessions would have to be on the continent itself.
New neighbours moving in
On mainland Africa recent discoveries allowed Europeans to move inlands, and slowly the southwestern and southern part of this vast continent were becoming colonized. However Serbia was far from capable and willing to pursue such imperialistic endeavours, both from a political and technological point of view.
After repeated futile attempts of signing alliances with both Russia and Austria-Hungary, Serbia remained independent. Nor were any of the 8 great powers seemingly interested in adding Serbia to their spheres of influence. Serbia had to count on herself economically, politically and militarily.
Consequently campaigns had been ongoing for years to attract new recruits and results where showing: by early 1876 the Serb army counted over 20 brigades, mainly made up of colonial troops. Many of these troops had been transferred back to Serbia, in anticipation of further aggressions. A strategic move that would prove crucial as a formal declaration of war was soon delivered.
Yet who had the audacity to do so?