8. The Beginning of an Era
3 September 1934
Berlin, Republic of Germany
The new Reichstag sat for the first time a full month ahead of schedule. Many of the faces were the same; the parties were not. At the rostrum, the handsome, middle-aged man who was now President of Germany tapped his gavel twice. "Gentlemen of the Reichstag, we declare this assembly to be open."
Schleicher, on the rostrum behind the President, smiled in grim satisfaction. It had taken a month of hard work, but the conservatives had fallen perfectly in line behind the Reichspartei. They had secured an absolute majority - fifty-five percent of all of the delegates were Reichspartei; they had already cut a deal with the Center Party to form a coalition government. Tellingly, all of the delegates of the Reich-Center government wore field-gray today, even those whose "uniforms" were merely suits. Schleicher ignored the rest of the day's ceremonies, looking instead to the evening's discussion with the new President, who, he noted happily, behaved more like an English monarch than an elected official. He maintained just the right distance from the people while keeping just enough of the common touch his father had, for all his strengths, lacked utterly.
At day's end, the two of them walked back together, ignoring the photographers for whom they were an obsession. When they reached the Presidential office, however, Schleicher stood stock-still. Already seated in what he had thought would be a private conference were Oskar von Hindenburg, Papen, the DNVP leader Hugenberg, Bruening, and a collection of officers - Fritsch from the Army, Raeder from the Navy, and the coterie which Schleicher had sent to Doorn, including Bock and Hausser. There were other figures; he recognized Schacht from the Reichsbank and Guertner, the Justice Minister. This was, in fact, practically an assembled cabinet. "Highness," Schleicher gasped, "I thought I would have some input into the choice of cabinet?"
Wilhelm von Hohenzollern, President and Crown Prince, sat behind Hindenburg's great, but rarely used, desk with a sigh. "General, I am very sorry to have to do this. Your services to Germany have been beyond measure, and will be rewarded to the utmost. But to put it simply... there is a certain odor about you in Berlin. You consorted with the Socialists... then the Nazis... frankly, no one here has any idea where you truly stand, and if we are to return Germany to her place, we must do it from a firm foundation. Please, please, General. Sit. I don't want to lose your valuable services, I just do not see how they can be retained in their current capacity."
Schleicher, numb at what he felt was the ultimate betrayal, sank into one of Hindenburg's low-backed chairs, which had not been replaced yet. "Gentlemen," Wilhelm began, leaning forward, "welcome to our first meeting. First, I wish to thank General von Schleicher for his long and assiduous service in bringing us to this point. I regret that we cannot retain him as Chancellor... in which capacity I nominate you, Herr Bruening." The room fell totally silent. Papen's face turned the color of ash - this apparent desertion by his friend was, if anything, worse than Schleicher's betrayal of 1932. Schleicher, for his part, slowly reddened, his bald head finally turning an angry beet-like shade, though he restrained himself. "Don't look so cast down, Franz," the Crown Prince soothed Papen. "It's not that I don't want you, or even that I think you'd be a bad Chancellor."
If you don't think our friend Franz would be a bad Chancellor, Schleicher thought, forcing his way through the red mist,
you're smarter than I thought. "It's just that we'd never get anything done. There are still enough Social Democrats seated in the Reichstag that they'll make life difficult for us. They'll listen to Heinrich here, they'd just shout at you without getting anything through on either side, and that... well, that just puts us back where we were in 1932." Wilhelm apparently had no idea what reference to that unfortunate year meant to the assembled parties; Oskar von Hindenburg cleared his throat, leaning close and whispering to the Crown Prince, who frowned. "Yes, quite. Well, that's all in the past now, isn't it. Schleicher, Papen, Bruening, it's all in the past, isn't it?" He looked at the three of them hopefully. "We must work together as gentlemen." Schleicher, who had long ago learned that it was better to be able to return to the field at a later date than to sacrifice himself needlessly, nodded slowly. Papen, visibly unhappy, followed; Bruening, stunned at his meteoric progress from political prisoner to this office, stammered out, "Yes, yes, of course, Highness. I am certain we can get along."
Satisfied, the Crown Prince leaned back slightly. "Excellent. Now, Papen, you first. I'm very sorry to have denied you the brass ring, but I suppose you'll content yourself for now with heading up a special committee to deal with the last of the National Socialists and the Communists? I understand there are still some unresolved legal issues there, and I want you and Franz over here -" Wilhelm gestured at Guertner, whose Nazi sympathies were well-known and who nodded nervously - "to wrap that matter up. I want something firm but fair, you understand? A lot of those men were good men, just mixed up and out of their depth." Papen nodded once, sharply, before shifting himself closer to Guertner. "Ask Hugenberg along to help. The Stahlhelm, after all, are supposed to work for him." Hugenberg blinked, surprised to be remembered in the DNVP's total replacement as the face of German conservatism. "Majesty, I place my party at your disposal," the walrus-mustached man rumbled.
Not that you have much choice in the matter, Schleicher thought, looking over at Paul Hausser, whose rank tabs were once more those of a lieutenant-general. As the Berlin Stahlhelm went, so went the national organization.
"Good, thank you, Alfred. Now on to other matters. General," he said, again addressing Schleicher. "I want you with me, not against me. You've been sitting as war minister in your cabinet, letting von Hammerstein-Equordt run the army while you hold the reins. You've done quite well there. Would you be satisfied to remain as my sword and shield?" Schleicher smiled - it was more than he had expected when he had sat down. "Highness, I would be honored to serve you in whatever capacity you choose."
"Excellent. So that deals with new appointments. There's the matter of our foreign exchange. Schacht here has some ideas to deal with that..."
---
Ernst Volkmann looked up from his drafting table to see Alfried standing there, looking at him with an amused expression. "Not often we see officers drawing up rail cars here," the younger Krupp smirked. "Walk with me?" Ernst nodded, straightening and massaging his back. "I like the drawing, it makes it easier to see the final product. Usually," Ernst admitted as they left the factory wing, "it's easier to see the drawings than to see the end of the project actually happening."
"I understand," Alfried replied. "Believe me, I understand. Smoke? No?" Alfried lit another, leading Ernst away from the factory towards the Krupp administrative area. "The Old Man has kept me in school since '25." Alfried gave a wintry smile. "I'm sure you remember the party." Indeed Ernst did - Alfried's final graduation, with top honors, from Technische Hochschule Aachen in the spring had been the occasion for a vast, semi-formal celebration that had rocked the Villa Huegel for three days of unusual debauchery. Ernst and Lise had attended, but had not been part of the madness surrounding Alfried's student friends. Alfried's flirtation with the Nazis in the early '30s made Ernst more than a little uncomfortable, and many of the guests had been from the same student Nazi circles. "So what can I do for you, Herr Bohlen?" Ernst asked, attempting to remain conversational. He was, to be honest, more than a little irritated at being pulled from his work.
"Alfried, please." Alfried looked up from his cigarette, grinning. "All things are being made new, there's going to be a new Kaiser, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera." Why Alfried had used the foreign "et cetera" rather than "und so weite," Ernst had no way to fathom, but then, Alfried was occasionally eccentric. Young, brilliant, heir to the Krupp name - who could really blame him? "Anyway, Oberstleutnant, what I wanted to speak to you about... have you ever considered a career with Krupp?" Ernst chuckled, the line of questioning unexpected, reassuring. "No... Alfried. And to be honest... this is the second time in a year that someone has asked me to change careers. I've just gotten used to being a soldier again."
Alfried snorted, their walk carrying them further away from the factory floor. "Yes, well. My father has a saying. 'What is good for Krupp is good for Germany.' I wonder sometimes." Alfried continued a few paces, turning to face Ernst again. "There's a lot going on, Ernst. We've let a series of rail contracts to revive the Munich-Istanbul line... trade's been hurt by the Depression, and Schleicher did more than his part to kick-start it. Part of that is getting the rails moving again. Anyway... I know the Reichswehr has a stake in the rail network, and I know the Foreign Office has a stake in getting German firms involved in other countries. So I thought I'd pitch it to our in-house Reichswehr rail specialist." He grinned, apparently at his own wit, while it sank into Ernst. "Of course," he continued, "it'd mean leaving Lise and the kids behind, or at least relocating them city-to-city, but the first stage is Munich-Vienna. Ask back at the Truppenamt, see if they'll let you on board."
"Alfried, I haven't said yes yet."
"Ernst, if you were the type to say no to something like this, you wouldn't have been sent here." Alfried stopped at his most recent car, an Auto Union, apparently a gift from Dr. Porsche the same way the Krupps themselves had once given a steel cannon to the future Kaiser Wilhelm I. "You like it, Ernst? They tell me it'll do two hundred kilometers an hour without the pilot cowling." Ernst, despite himself, whistled. "You want a spin?" Alfried asked, holding the keys up, one eyebrow cocked. "No, thank you," Ernst demurred, looking sheepish. "I can barely drive as is."
"Bring Johann over this weekend, we'll see if he can't kill himself on the Huegel grounds. Cars are the transport of the future. Twenty years, no one in Germany will bother with trains. No offense," Alfried hastily added. "None taken," Ernst mumbled as the fact that he had just received a social invitation to the Villa Huegel sank in.
---
September 7, 1934
Wilhelm von Hohenzollern said:
... And so it gives me great pleasure to address you in an official capacity after all these years. I swear that I will uphold my duties to the utmost of my ability, and will rule as justly as man may rule man. Thank you for the faith which you have placed in me. We shall go forward together into a better future for Germany, a future free of the uncertainties of our recent past.
However, we shall not make this better future without the help of good men, and such men deserve to be rewarded. It is my pleasure and my prerogative, therefore, to reward these men. In my father's time, the ultimate accolade for a soldier was the Pour le Merite - an award to which front-line soldiers and generals alike aspired. There is one man in Germany today who has done more to preserve us against disaster than any other, and I wish to reward him for his faithful service. General von Schleicher, present yourself.
For your tireless service, for your unfailing energy in the defense of Germany against revolution, for your efforts to save us from the panic that has enfolded the whole world, I hereby award you the Pour le Merite, Military Class, and create you Graf von Schleicher...
... Furthermore, it gives me great pleasure to inform the people of Germany that the time of 'extraordinary measures' is now over. Germany has been through the crucible, and we have emerged stronger. While there remain small matters which must be attended related to the recent past, the suppression of parties and persons is fundamentally in opposition to the rule of law, and therefore is a matter of last resort. I extend the hand of friendship, not the raised gauntlet, to all honest men, within and without, who wish to join us in making Germany better.
---
8 September 1934
Essen, Republic of Germany
Alfried greeted them at the base of the staircase at the Villa Huegel's entryway. "Welcome to Toad Hall!" he laughed, waving at the massive gray edifice behind him. Nonplussed, the four Volkmanns smiled uncertainly; Alfried's smile wavered. "Toad Hall? 'The Wind in the Willows?' Well, never mind then, I promised Ernst that I'd show Johann my mow-to-cah." The exaggerated, Anglicized last word was accompanied by a grin, and Alfried had all but collared Johann Volkmann by the time any of the others figured out what was going on. "Frau Volkmann, Alfried von Bohlen. Very pleased to meet you finally, it's always easy to tell the end of the day when Ernst starts to moan about missing his Lise, and frankly, I see why!" Alfried kissed her hand before abducting Johann. "Head on inside, Ernst, make yourselves comfortable, the Old Man is in Berlin and the servants know to expect you."
Lise turned to her husband as Alfried and Johann vanished around the corner. "Ernst, is he always like this?"
"On good days... sometimes he just sits at his desk, working and smoking. Then every now and then he turns into a little boy again, like you see him today."
"Let's just hope he doesn't kill Johann then... sounds like the poor boy could use a normal life." Ernst laughed softly at Lise's comment. "Well, yes... but who do you know that's had a normal life in the last ten years?" That got him a dirty look, but they were distracted momentarily by a uniform they had become increasingly familiar with over the last year. "Peter?" Ernst gasped before the figure turned.
"No, I'm sorry... Claus von Bohlen," the young man said, offering a hand diffidently. "Claus...? Alfried's brother!" Ernst said, blinking. "Terribly sorry, you just looked like..."
"Yes, Alfried's brother. Who's Peter?" The young man had none of Alfried's jauntiness, but there was a quiet certainty about him that Ernst liked - completing the resemblance to Peter. "My son. He's in the Luftsportverband too. Of course, he's in Berlin right now going to school." Claus pulled a face. "Charlottenburg? They wanted me to be there, turn me into an engineer like Alfried. Well, come on inside, Alfried will... eventually... be with us."
---
Alfried leaned over the sleek little Auto Union racer, pointing at dials and controls. "All right. Speed here, engine revolutions here, fuel here. That's the gearshift -
be gentle! - that's the accelerator, and that's the brake. I'd ride with you, but that's a bit close, and you're not my type." He grinned, winking at Johann Volkmann, who was strapped into the harness, goggles in place already. Johann looked up, slightly overwhelmed. "So how do I start it?" Alfried reached in, twisting the key, and the car roared, then purred. Alfried had to raise his voice to make himself heard, cupping his hands to yell in Johann's ear. "
Whatever you do, don't hit the Maybach. I'll be fine, but the Old Man will kill you." He barely had time to snatch himself back before Johann had pushed the gas pedal down, pulling away in a squeal of tires. Fortunately, he only went a few yards, as he was unused to working the manual transmission... but as the next few minutes proved, he was a fast learner. By the time Alfried turned back toward the house to check on Ernst's project, Johann had succeeded in driving all the way around the circular drive twice, and had taken the car down the drive towards the main gates.
Alfried smiled, shaking his head. He knew the Auto Union as well as any non-professional driver... which, he admitted, was a total of about three men... but even he couldn't see a way to wreck the car between the drive and the gate. If Johann tried to plough through the gate, perhaps, but if that was the case, the boy was both reckless
and stupid, and Alfried only saw one of those qualities, which was why he had made up his mind to speak to Ernst about something urgent during the few minutes the two of them had been talking about the car.
Alfried went inside, lighting a cigarette on the way. The smoke cloud billowed behind him, like a battleship just getting under steam - a thought that struck him as appropriate given the large-scale arms work he knew was coming, which was part of his conversation with Ernst. When he found the remaining Volkmann family members inside, marveling at the glass-ceilinged entryway, he saw that Claus had already grabbed Ernst's attention. He felt a momentary pang - if he had remembered that Ernst's other son Peter was also Luftsport, he'd probably have arranged for a fly-in this weekend. "Claus," he called out, "have you been picking our guest's brain about the Luftsport?"
The younger von Bohlen turned on hearing Alfried's voice. The same way that Gustav was known as the Old Man, the Cannon King, or the Sole Proprietor behind his back, Alfried was the Heir Apparent, and carried himself as such. "Yes, Alfried," Claus replied, surprisingly meek. "He tells me his son is in the bomber program."
"One of them is. I hate to do this to you, Claus, but may I borrow the Oberstleutnant for a moment?" Claus quickly backed away as Alfried grabbed Ernst's elbow. "Not that Claus is a bad kid," he murmured to Ernst, "but there's something I want to talk to you about."
"Oh?"
"Yes." Alfried pulled Ernst into a small drawing room, closing the door. It was not the massive conference room where Krupp had received Schleicher, but it was close enough. "This isn't related to the eastern rail lines, is it?" Ernst asked as Alfried turned back to him.
"No, not at all." Alfried sat, gesturing for Ernst to do the same. "Herr Volkmann..." he hesitated - what he was about to ask was terribly awkward, and the formality was the result. "Ernst. You doubtless realize, based on what you've seen at Meppen, and your work here, that the Reichswehr is about to explode." Ernst nodded wordlessly. "There are two things I think you should know out of this - first, that you could become fabulously wealthy, and you would hardly be the sole beneficiary, if you made some judicious stock purchases now. Second..." He leaned forward, elbows on his knees, as Ernst's eyes narrowed. A simple stock tip seemed like a waste of an occasion like this to the middle-aged engineer. "Second... Johann's not an engineer. He's not cautious, he'll never think things through twice before executing a plan, he's a daredevil. Frankly, you'd be better swapping Peter and Johann, from all I hear of Peter. Johann belongs in the air." He took a deep breath and held up his hand. "I mean no disrespect, Ernst, he's a fine boy, he's just not an engineer. But... well... I'd like to do something for you."
"What?" Ernst asked, voice flinty. "Indenture my family as loyal Kruppianer like the rest of Essen?" Alfried suspected he'd gone too far, but still, the words hurt.
"No." He drew in deeply, lighting his next cigarette from the butt of the first. "They're reopening Lichterfelde." The flat statement echoed with Ernst; the reopening of the Main Cadet Academy meant that the Army was planning on serious expansion. "It won't be formally announced until next year, but they asked the Firm if we had any of the old cannon we would be willing to donate. The new President -" he smiled archly - "is moving fast, it appears."
"So what has this got to do with Johann?" Ernst was still suspicious - sudden fairy-tale visits to a place like the Villa Huegel, invitations from great men to personal conversations, all of it was a bit much for a man like Ernst Volkmann.
"Simple. He's not much of an engineer, but... well, everyone in Germany knows what you did at the Reichstag, and I can see Johann doing that in a heartbeat. First few years, they're going to have more applicants than they can take... and they'll be so short of officers that they'll take gymnasium graduates who'd normally be too old, put them through a year or so of school, and send them out as candidates. I have most of this from the Old Man." Alfried took a deep breath. "So what I'd like to do for you... if you'd like, and if Johann would like, I'll make sure he gets in. After that it's up to him."
The sound of squealing tires came up the drive; they both glanced out the window to see a cloud of smoke as the Auto Union came back, slewing sideways as it came to the front of the house. Miraculously, though they both saw it come out of the cloud on its right two tires, the entire car was in one piece, and rocked suddenly back down to all four wheels. "I think," Ernst said drily, "that a year at Lichterfelde would be very good for my son."