Chapter 72 - Under Key
Pope Boniface IX with his Cardinals
1208
From the personal correspondence of Theophilus, Bishop of Beirut
Most Gracious Lord, Romanus, King of the English in Syria:
The Following is Declared to be a True and Accurate Account of the Events Following the Death of His Holiness, Pope Alexander and leading to the Election of His Holiness Pope Lucius, the Third of that Name.
In the month of January, 1208, I received a missive bearing the seal of the Holy See, having been composed by the Cardinal-Chamberlain in Metz. It informed me that the Holy Father Alexander had been called to Heaven, and that a congregation of the College of Cardinals was to be convened in Rome, to begin on the first day of February. As an elector-cardinal myself, I was required to travel to the Holy City forthwith, and made no delay in doing so.
Our journey passed largely without incident, and we arrived in St Peter’s City on the twenty-ninth day of January. Amid the decaying ruins of the Romans we found few townspeople but dozens of guardsmen bearing the Papal livery. Indeed, we were met at the Gate of St Paul by a contingent of men-at-arms, whose captain was insistent that we accompany him without delay to the Lateran Palace, where we were to meet the Cardinal-Chamberlain in person. Having little other choice, I acquiesced, and allowed our party to be escorted as though we were common prisoners, rather than foreign emissaries.
The Cardinal Henry received us in the great Hall of St Peter, seated upon the Papal throne and wearing the sacred Ring of the Fishermen. If it were not that his head bore a galero rather than the Pallium, one might easily have assumed he had already been anointed as his father’s successor! My audience, though brief, served to confirm both that his Eminence sought the Holy See for himself and that, once he had received it, his first priority would be to bring low the English people, wherever they might be found. It was clear that, owing to a previous encounter between the Cardinal-Chamberlain and His Majesty King Wulfnoth, the two bore each other great enmity. It was at this point that I determined that the pontificate of such a man would be a disaster both to the Holy Church and to all the English.
Each of the twenty-four cardinals were quartered within the palace, and a number of guards were placed at the doors to our chambers. Although I was permitted to move about the grounds of my own free will, it was clear that my escort would not allow me to leave the Lateran until the election of a new Pope had been accomplished - a decision that was quite without precedent. Nevertheless, I immediately began making enquiries as to the disposition of my fellow cardinal-electors.
My initial inquisitions lead me to despair, for it seemed that the Chamberlain’s confidence was well-placed. Very few of the bishops I interviewed were willing to express a poor opinion of the late Pope’s offspring, and in the presence of his guards, even those who were ambivalent concerning his election were unable to speak their thoughts freely. In addition, the twenty-five year reign of Pope Alexander had allowed him to shower favours and privileges upon the more venal cardinals, who hoped for a continuation of the same base policies under his son.
The majority of the college was composed of men from within the Imperial territories, and everywhere I visited in the palace, I saw agents of the German Emperor. Whatever the personal opinions of the German and Italian cardinals, it was clear that they would follow the instructions of their secular master who was, in point of fact, cousin to the Cardinal-Chamberlain.
Twelve cardinals, including myself, hailed from other territories beyond the sway of the Bavarian’s silver. The Genoese representative, Archbishop Otto Ghigline, is a confidant of the Burgundian court, and was therefore the natural leader of the opposition to Cardinal Henry’s election to the See. However, this fact was no secret to the Emperor’s friends who therefore conspired to keep His Grace under near-imprisonment in his chambers.
Of the six French cardinals, most were inclined to support the Emperor, for no greater reason than the weakness of their Norman king, who, at seventeen years of age, is fighting desperately for the retention of his crown. The court of St Denis could not afford to add the two most powerful positions in Christendom to King Richard’s list of enemies. Only the elderly Archbishop of Rheims, who had been annointed by Pope Alexander’s predecessor showed a degree of independence, though he shared the usual Frenchman’s lack of interests in English woes.
I received a similar lack of sympathy from the Norman Archbishop of Alexandria. Though not as single-mindedly antagonistic as his predecessor towards our people, His Grace Robert d’Avignon showed no pity towards his fellow men in Oversea (or Outremer as the French refer to those lands beyond the shores of Europe). Instead he advised me only that I should pray to the Lord and bend my knee to the new Pope, whoever he might be, ‘that the sins of the English might be forgiven.’ Nonetheless, I took heart from his lack of endorsement of any candidate, and from the fact that he acknowledges no secular ruler as his master.
Finally, I also attended the three Visigothic prelates - one each from the Kingdoms of Leon, Castille and Aragon. Uncommitted to any one course of action, and each of a different mind, the Spanish cardinals were thoroughly engrossed in their own priorities, and none had many words of support for me, save that they had greatly resented previous Popes’ unjustifed ascination, as they saw it, with the plight of Christians in the east. Were any candidate to be sympathetic to the plight of the Iberians facing the Moorish hordes, they would surely support him with all their might.
This was the situation in which I found myself and the other members of the college on the first day of the congregation, when it was officially called to order by the Chamberlain. For the reasons I enumerated previously, I entered into these proceedings with a heavy heart, but there was yet a slim hope available to us - that a new Holy Father must be selected by two-thirds of all the cardinals present. With the Chamberlain unable to vote for his own elevation (though he would surely dearly love to) - I was only required to muster seven other votes in addition to my own to prevent his immediate elevation.
[to be continued]