The Adventures of Major General Ritchie's 9th Indian Infantry
Shortly after signing the Treaty of Singapore Churchill agreed to Major General Neil Ritchie’s audacious plan to attack central China. Ritchie was given the 9th Indian Division and the services of the Royal Navy in transporting him to China but little else. Ritchie had billed the attack as a hit and run assault looking to show Japan’s inability to keep control of China, to allow Chinese friendly to Britain and her allies to escape and to deal some damaged to one of China’s most important industrial centers.
On June 19th The Royal Navy forced its way into Shanghai harbor and Ritchie’s 9th Indian Infantry stormed out into the city, forcing out a limited Japanese force to the cheers of mass crowds assembling in the city. Later that night the first shipload of Chinese dissidents boarded ships on route to Hong Kong were Britain planned to transform them into a division dedicated to China’s Liberation.
But Ritchie’s men had no time to rest an on the morning of June 20th they set off towards the city of Hangzhou, an important air base for the Asian air force in the region, if the base could be taken the Japanese and Chinese air forces would be unable to operate in the region.
After the capture of Hangzhou on June 24th Ritchie began his advance northward, entering Suzhou on June 29th. It was here where he would face his first major battle of the campaign as the Indian Infantry smashed two Chinese divisions, some believed Ritchie could conquer all China on his own, other (more realistic) people were adamant that he should carry on his momentum and assault the Chinese capital at Nanjing. Ritchie however refused, saying he would not put his men in unnecessary danger and instead advanced north to Yangzhou. In was upon seizing this city, on July 3rd that Ritchie’s expedition reached its zenith.
On July 6th Hangzhou fell, Ritchie requested that British High Command send transport vessels to rescue his men from capture by the Japanese Army. High Command could only offer him a ginbaot that would force its way up the Yangtze to rescue him, Ritchie chose to stay with his en and set up defenses around Yangzhou.
On July 24th Suzhou fell, this time Ritchie had not simply abandoned the city, instead he had sent 2,000 of his roughly 10,000 strong force to protect the city. They managed to inflict 6,000 casualties (with the help of the local population) on the Japanese and Chinese armies before they retreated with barely 100 casualties of their own.
On July 27th, three days after Suzhou was reoccupied by the Japanese the assault on Yanzhou would begin. However despite outnumbering their opponents 5 to 1 the Chinese and Japanese troops would be repeatedly repelled as the Indian troops fought ferociously for weeks. As it became apparent that Ritchie’s campaign was having an enormous bolstering effect to Commonwealth moral Churchill gave the order to ‘’rescue the 9th Indian Infantry’’. Now the Royal Navy made it its duty to save as many members of the division as possible from the ever growing besieging army. Directly sending vessels up the Yangtze would be impossible due to a large Japanese force situated at the mouth of the river, so to counteract this the British called upon their allies in France and Germany as well as the US to launch a massive aerial bombardment of the force to allow British ships to burst into the river and save the troops. The attack would be launched on August 9th, allow the majority of Japanese vessels were cleared only a few British transports got through and just over half of the 9th Indian Infantry were rescued. Now in an even worse position with much of their force gone Ritchie’s men would face another Japanese-Chinese onslaught the following day. This time their defensive line for breached at several points but somehow the small force was able to hold its own as it withdrew closer towards the Yangtze. It would be more than a week before help would arrive and it that time Ritchie’s men were pushed further and further back to the point that when their rescuers finally arrived they help only a couple of square miles.
But despite all this the 9th Indian Infantry survived despite losing almost ¼ of its men mainly in the last couple of weeks of their campaign, but Ritchie’s work in China was not done as he went directly from Yangzhou to Shanghai where he would organize a few hundred Chinese dissidents into a force to resist Japan’s inevitable onslaught.
But even Ritchie was unable to save the city as it fell after only a couple days of fighting, he and a few leading Chinese dissenters fled Shanghai harbor on August 22nd to mark he end of Ritchie’s two month adventure in China. Over 50,000 Chinese dissidents had escaped to Hong Kong, Commonwealth moral was soaring, Ritchie was a hero and most importantly the powerful American and German armies were made to see just how much damage even a small force could do with an invasion of China ….