Kaiser Wilhelm II
Wilhelm II (27 January 1859 – 6 June 1941)
Deutscher Kaiser (15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918) and (3 August 1935 – 6 June 1941)
Wilhelm was born into the greatest aristocracy in the world. His Grandmother was Queen Victoria ruler of the largest empire ever seen and his Grandfather was ruling the most powerful German state, Prussia, as Prince Regent for is now disabled brother.
As Wilhelm grew up amongst the military aristocracy of Prussia he was noted for processing a keen intellect and having an interest in new technologies. In 1871 his Grandfather defeated the French in the Franco-Prussian War and became the first German Emperor. Wilhelm was now third in line to the throne of Europe’s single greatest power.
In 1888 Wilhelm became the third Kaiser in a year as both his Grandfather and father died leaving him the throne of Germany. The early period of Wilhelm’s reign would see a major split, eventually leading to the removal of the famous Otto von Bismarck, the ‘’Iron Chancellor’’ who had elevated his Grandfather to this position through the skilful implementation of Realpolitik.
Wilhelm’s greatest flaw was his inconsistent and aggressive foreign policy which saw Germany lost its closest ally, Great Britain, and later lose the support of Russia who had been member of the Dreikaiserbund until 1886. Wilhelm also clinged to Austria as an ally long after they had ceased wield an effective military force in Europe. ‘’They area a wooden Galleon. It is a large and strong Galleon but nothing compared to our ironclad’’
These failings in foreign policy sent Germany into the Great War weak diplomatically (allied with the crumbling Austrian and Ottoman Empires) but still Europe’s single greatest power. After invading France through Belgium their assault would be stalled in the trenches of the Western Front where they faced the British and French armies. In the East thanks to the great leadership of Hindenburg and Ludendorff a massive Russian invasion was defeated and Germany was able to counterattack deep into the Russian Empire.
The Kaiser took a great interest in the military here pictures in uniform
As the war progressed the Kaiser lost much of his control over the government as Hindenburg and Ludendorff geared Germany into a military dictatorship. Despite the surrender of Russia in 1917 the American entrance into the war prevented a German victory. On November 9th, just two days before the end of the war Wilhelm was forced to abdicate as Emperor to bring peace to his people and save them from starvation.
Wilhelm sought asylum in the Netherlands, Queen Wilhemina gave him a castle to live in and refused to extradite him to an international court. Wilhelm would spend the next 17 years waiting for a return to his homeland. Wilhelm spent his years in Holland hunting, sketching great buildings and battleships and dreaming of his lost glories.
Wilhelm during his exile in Holland
After the German Civil War and a political crisis following Paul von Hindenburg’s death Meissner invited Wilhelm to reclaim his throne as a Constitutional Monarch on the condition he give him his support. On August 3rd Wilhelm was coronated for a second time. The first year and a half of his rule was a difficult time as he struggled against a large Anti-Monarchist Movement, whilst also allying himself with Ludendorff in making several reforms to the German Constitution thus strengthening his position. He was gradually able to secure his position amongst the German people with many stately visits and by giving large amounts of Royal funding to charitable projects. In the 1936 election the Anti-Monarchist Party had held around 22% of the popular vote, just two years on they would have only 2% whilst the pro Monarchy Imperial Party held 3%.
Despite his great age Wilhelm made dozens of visits to the troops during the war with the Communists and set up the Imperial Veterans Association, a charity for wounded and retired soldiers. When Paris fell on April 22nd it was reported that the Kaiser wept upon hearing the news and would award Germany’s greatest honour to its captor Von Manstein. When the German delegation travelled to Utrecht for the Utrecht talks Wilhelm pushed through some beneficial clauses to the treaty such as the Dutch annexation of French Guiana (which was supposed to be granted to Germany) and the guarantee of protection to the Dutch East Indies. Sadly he died during the talks in the city of Utrecht suffering a heart attack whilst travelling to a conference with Winston Churchill. His funeral would amass enormous crowds whilst the parade through Berlin would see over a million mourners pay their respects.
Kaiser Wilhelm II’s military funeral
The successor to the throne would be Wilhelm III who commanded the German 5th army in the Great War. This was truly the most tragic time in his entire life as his son had been killed in battle during the closing stages of Fall Gelb and now his father had died leaving him in the spotlight expected to lead the German people forward. Nether the less he would become the 4th German Emperor on June 20th 1941.
Kaiser Wilhelm III