My Beloved Aquitaine
The fate commands and I must go,
Leaving behind dear land.
‘Tis not the last we’re making stand
Nor first against the ancient foe.
Our realm again I shall expand
Or perish from a mortal blow.
From Rose River to the Basques Sea,
To south of France and north of Spain,
Lies my beloved Aquitaine,
Basked in her glory, proud and free.
A land I long to see again,
A prize that’s beckoning to me.
My body marches north by day,
By night my dreams are south flying,
And every morrow I am dying,
My honor leading me astray.
And still, heartbroken, I’m complying,
And march to battle in dismay.
Commentaries: This song or poem is presumably written by Jean II, Duke of Guyenne, Gascogne, Languedoc and Poitou, Count of Toulouse and Avergne. Ruled from 1508 to 1517. His predecessor, Charles II, had to fight a brief war against the French in 1501, the war being initiated by Francois III, Duke of Bretagne. Aquitani forces were more than competent, but Duke’s (Breton) premature death on the battlefield forced Bretagne (and Guyenne with it) to the negotiation deal. A status quo peace followed.
A regency council in Bretagne and Charles lack of desire to fight ensured peace between France and Aquitaine until 1508. In 1508 Francois IV rose to the throne of Bretagne and Jean II to the throne of Guyenne. However, during the last seven years France managed to increase its forces from 17,000 (in 1501) to 36,000 (in 1508) and both Dukes found it prudent to stay away from conflict.
Nevertheless, legacy of Charles II, a warning to France not to go to war with her neighbors still remained an obligation to the court in Bordeaux. Not wishing to lose face and fearing loss of prestige, Duke Jean II was forced to declare war on France in 1513, when the current King of France, Louis XII declared war on the Empire.
France in 1513 was not the same country it was in 1501. Although her numerical superiority was never more noticeable, she lost her edge in military technology and her diplomatic standing was not as strong neither. A dispute over France-Comte and subsequent Imperial sanctions forced Louis XII to cede the county to the Emperor, the title held by Austrian Archduke Leopold VIII. In addition to that a threat of another noble uprising forced the French King to release the County of Nevers, costing France one province, but gaining her an extra ally.
Fearing further Austrian expansion in the region and wishing to restore French honor, Louis XII declares war on Austria. Aquitaine joins on the side of the Empire. Bavaria sends her army as well. France is assisted by the Kingdom of Scotland, Duchy of Bourbonnais and County of Nevers. Austrian southern Netherlands are overran, while Aquitani forces make progress in the north and the east. The war clearly goes in the favor of the empire, but heavy Austrian losses force the Empire to plea for peace. Yet again Guyenne is left empty handed.
Duke Jean is succeeded by Henry VI, who in two years of his brief yet productive reign acquires by peaceful means the County of Foix and conquers the province of Avignon.
The Papacy was once completely conquered by the city-state of Milan, but managed to recover Rome, while leaving Avignon in Milanese hands. Warned by Guyenne not to wage war on the neighbors, Milan starts its ninth war of aggression against the Kingdom of Sicily, hoping Avignon’s walls would be enough to protect the city. While the northern Italians slaughter the southern Italians in the vicinity of Naples, Charles Hamelm, the ablest general of the Duchy to date, quickly captures the French residence of the Popes. Having no access to the Duchy by land, Milan agrees to part with the province.
Duke Henry VI dies in 1519, leaving no heir of age to take his place.
Western Europe in 1519
Blue and Light Blue - France, Allies and Vassals (note new vassal east of Bourbonnais - County of Nevers)
Purple and Light Purple - Guyenne and her Breton Ally (note the gain of Foix and Avignon)
Teal - Aragon alliance was gained and lost
Yellow - Kingdom of Castille
Red - United Kingdom of England and Ireland
White - Austrian possessions in the West (note French Comte changing hands)