The Hankou Pocket and Landing in the South – November and December 1938
The Hankou Pocket
Ishiwara Kanji had recently been posted in General Hata’s headquarters to help with the execution of the new strategy. He was now Hata’s chief of staff and had been promoted to Major General recently. He still disagreed with the goals of the war, namely to subjugate China, but he would do as commanded. Perhaps in his new more influential position he would be able to work towards his dream of a pan-Asian cooperative sphere. But enough with lofty dreams, for now, a war had to be won for the Empire. He asked a Lieutenant to give him the latest maps of the Hankou salient.
He watched the maps for a few minutes and scribbled down notes. It looked as if the pincers of Higashikuni’s Central China Area Army and Sugiyama’s Kwantung army made as much progress as he had planned. The operation had been a golden opportunity to encircle an entire Chinese army. They would never leave the rich and important Hankou and with their inferior communications they would be unaware of the danger of encirclement until it was too late. Or at least, they wouldn’t be able to react quickly enough. The pincers would meet south of the Yangtze River and make a huge pocket, trapping an estimated fifteen Chinese divisions. That would be a considerable blow even for the Chinese with their seemingly unlimited manpower reserves. It was probably not the men that they would miss but their equipment…if you could talk about equipment with regards to the Chinese divisions. Most were just having light weaponry and heavier artillery wasn’t encountered often.
Japanese infantry in Central China
So far his plan to commit more troops to the China theatre worked fine. But now they were increasingly forced to fight in rough or mountainous terrain and the Chinese numerical superiority was showing clearer. But so far the troops had steadily advanced. And in the end, the regular Japanese troops would beat the Chinese militia. But they already problems with overstretched supply lines. He wondered how that would be when they pressed even further into China. If they couldn’t supply the troops adequately anymore, their advantages against the Chinese militia would be negated quickly. But at least it looked as if they would soon cut off the Chinese from all shipping lanes in the South and would thus make it impossible for them to get foreign help. And with von Falkenhausen and his military mission having been recalled to Germany, the Chinese also lacked a lot of military expertise now. The war would be won, he was sure of that. Now it remained his task to identify where to strike next.
Development of the Hankou Pocket
Landing in the South
After they had annihilated the pocket of Chinese militia in South Eastern China, his division had been reassigned to General Terauchi’s South China Area Army. Today they would land along several beaches and in several ports in the South China, across from the island Hainan. He had to meet the commander of the naval taskforce, Admiral Yamamoto, now. He liked working together with the man. He seemed to be very intelligent, calm and determined. A real soldier, destined for greatness. Yamamoto was seen as the most brilliant among Japan’s fleet commanders from what he had heard. He walked from his quarters to the bridge of the freight ship that carried his headquarters staff and some radio equipment. He asked the captain to lower a boat so he could go to Yamamoto’s flagship, the battleship Nagato.
When he had arrived alongside the Nagato he climbed onboard and was greeted by the first officer of the ship who brought him to the bridge.
Yamamoto and he bowed towards each other when he entered the bridge.
“Ah, General Yamashita, welcome aboard. Glad to have you here. Sit down please. Tea?” They sat down at a small table in the back of the bridge and Yamashita sipped on his green tea. “The plans have not changed, right? Or have you gotten new intelligence?”
“No, everything should be as we planned it. There may be more fierce resistance in the area than we thought before, but my troops can handle that. Latest intelligence is still that we have to expect a concentration of Chinese troops around Zhanjiang and thus we will land our heaviest brigades there.”
“Excellent, my staff has finished all preparations for the landing and all commanders know what is expected of them. We will send destroyers or small cruisers to Wuchuan and Diachang to support taking the ports. Our heavier ships will bombard the Chinese positions that we have scouted in the last days around Zhanjiang here and here. And we will provide close air support with our carrier based fighters where necessary. We have trained for this quite a while, General. This landing will provide us with good observations in a combat situation. This will be essential to improve our tactics and our naval fire support. In the future, the navy will have its own specialized troops for opposed landings.”
Yamashita knew that it there had been considerable misgivings in the general staff about these plans, but he didn’t care much for inter-service rivalries. He was more oriented in results, not in politics. But he knew that many generals and admirals thought differently and he had learned to play their game. If Yamamoto wanted to provoke or test him, he wouldn’t give him the pleasure.
“Yes, I have heard about that. The British and Americans have similar units. I am a big supporter of specialized troops myself. It’s always an advantage to have a fitting tool for each task.”
“Yes, General, I agree. Many of your colleagues don’t seem to agree though.”
Invasion of Southern China