Part VII: The War of the German Confederation
Prussia’s war plan was simple and was dependent on the speed of the cavalry. To successfully fight in Germany, Austria’s striking capabilities had to be limited and at the same time put her in a position to negotiate a favorable peace treaty. The standing army in Silesia would strike south through Bohemia and towards Vienna, while the mobilized troops would strike into Saxony and the Thüringen states. The Prussian King Frederick Wilhelm IV already had proclaimed Prussia’s goals for the war, he would become the sole ruler of the Sachsen area, which meant an annexation of Saxony and the Thüringen states.
The Prussian cavalry, as planned, quickly marched through Troppau, Olomouc and Brno. By April the Prussian cavalry started to engage in street fighting in Vienna. In Western Bohemia however things went less smoothly, as only Karlsbad was occupied and fighting took place in Budejovic. If the city fell, Prague would be cut off from Austria and occupation by the Prussian reserves seemed likely. From the 200,000 soldiers, who were called up by decree of Frederick Wilhelm, 60,000 marched towards the Saxon city of Dresden, while 50,000 were sent to Karlsbad and Plzen to defend the area against a possible Bavarian invasion.
Fighting continues in Bohemia
The remaining 90,000 troops, or 9 divisions, were sent to liberate Prague, which fell to the Prussians in June. In Vienna the brave cavalry were slowly being pushed back and a general retreat from the city was ordered, while at the same time Prussian troops from Kattowitz started their march to capture the remainder of Silesia from Austria. With Austria now having lost one of her industrial centers, and Prussian troops at the outskirts of Vienna, was incapable of offering any assistance to the German states.
Saxony was the first German nation to fall to Prussia as on the 5th of August, 1843, it became a part of Prussia. The Prussian army marched further west were the remaining Thüringen states were laying. In September the first, Saxe-Weimar, was incorporated, followed by Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in, respectively October and December 1843. During 10 months of warfare, Prussia only lost Sigmaringen to Württemberg, while she had gained the entire area of Saxony and controlled Bohemia and Silesia of Austria. The war wasn’t over yet, and Prussia looked for a way to end the war quickly and gaining as much as possible.
The situation in December 1843
Austria at this time was not yet prepared to accept the Prussian demands, which consisted of Austria seceding her parts of Silesia and paying war indemnities to the Prussians. Frederick Wilhelm IV, commander of the Prussian forces, was well aware that to knock out Austria the occupation of either Vienna or Münich would be required.