Leaders

Afghan Head of State/Government

Afghan head of state

1897-Oct 1 1901 Abdur Rahman Khan(Ruthless Powermonger)
Also: General (skill 2)
Head of Government (Old General)

Event: Oct 1 1901 - Death of Abdur Rahman Khan
Our glorious king have died! Long live his legacy as the man who united the Afghan tribes under one banner and brought national unity to our country. His son Habibullah will be crowned Amir and King of Afghanistan.

"A sad day.." - New head of state: Habibullah Khan
- New head of government: Habibullah Khan

Oct 2 1901-Feb 20 1919 Habibullah Khan(Die-hard Reformer)
Also: Head of Government (Silent Workhorse)

Event: Feb 20 1919 - The Assassination of Habibullah Khan
Earlier today, while on a hunting trip in Jalalabad our beloved king was mortally wounded by a rifle shot, the incident has officially been deemed an accident, but rumors that this was a planned incident have begun circulaing. Shortly after the kings death his son Amanullah Khan siezed control over both the military and the treasaury, imprisoning anyone with a claim to the throne, thus making his authority unchallenged.

"All hail Amanullah!" - New head of state. Amanullah Khan
- New head of government: Amanullah Khan

Feb 21 1919 - Feb 30 1929 Amanullah Khan(Die-hard Reformer)
Also: Head of Government (Naive Optimist)

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Heres the Afghan heads of states and governments (they are the same luckily) for the years 1897-1929 (how long will this mod run timewise?) Ive written the events for their deaths too.

Thanks. The mod runs from 1897-1924 with the main scenario beginning in 1914.

Do you have any information about ministers who held other posts in the government from 1897, such as Finance and the Interior?

Afghan politics

Sliders in 1897 (Government shoud be Paternal Authocrat)

Democratic--------X-Authoritarian
Left -----X----Right
Open Soc. --------X-Closed Soc.
Free Mar. --------X-Central Planning
Std. Arm. X---------Drafted
Hawk L. -X--------Dove L.
Interven. ---------XIsolation

Army

In Kabul 1 Div of 1890 Inf and 1 Div of 1860 Mil
In Herat 1 Div of 1890 Inf
In Kandahar 1 div of Tribal cav

Ministry

Foreign Minister: - Between 1897 and 1919 The Afghani Forgein minister will be the same as the British one at the time, always with the Undistinguished Suit personality
- Aug 8 1919-1924 Mahmud Tarzi (Paternal Authocrat) (Ideological Crusader)

Minister of Army: - 1897-Oct 1 1901 - Abdur Rahman Khan (Paternal Authocrat) (Elastic defence doctrine)
- Oct 2 1901-1924 - Nadir Khan (Paternal Authocrat) (Static Defence doctrine)

Leaders

Abdur Rahman Khan (General, skill 2) 1897-oct 1901
Nadir Khan (General, skill 1) 1897-1924

Events

Random Event (can happen multiple times, 10% chance?) Between 1897 and 1900 - Tribal Uprising!
Over the course of Afghanistan becoming a nation many local tribes and cheifs had to be subdued and forced to accept the Emir in Kabul as their ruler. This policy was despised

by the Afghan tribes who have a history of being fiercly independent and many of them revolted from time to time. Eventually Abdur Rahman khan managed to crush this oposition

and bring the tribes to accept him as their king.

"Rally the troops!" - 1 division of 1860 Tribal warriors OR 1 division of Tribal Cavarly revolt in random province
- National dissent + 5

31 Aug 1907 - Convention of St. Petersburg
Today the British and Russian Empries signed a treaty in St. Petersburg declaring Afghanistan a semi-protectorate of the British Empire. Although the agreement have met strong

oposition from within our own goverment, we need no longer fear a Russian invation. A small step on the road toward total independence.

"I guess we have no choice.." - Relations with Russia + 10
- Relations with British Empire + 20
- Any russian cores on Afghanistan removed, if present?
- Non-aggretion pact with Russia

Oct. 1911 - First Afghan Newspaper
In October 1911 Mahmud Tarzi founded the first Afghan Newspaper, inspiring many Afhgani intellectuals to start advocating modernization. Mahmud Tarzi would eventually expand his

newspaper and soon other newspapers would follow. He also started publishing books in Dari, this would have an huge impact on the Afghan culture, bringing real national unity to

the nation.

"The seed have been sowed" - National dissent - 5
- Slider setting moved 2 towards Open Society

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This is what Ive been able to find with modest search of various internet sources, I tell you, its tough since almost no afghani official from this period was famous enough to warrant any internet notoriety.

Also, how will we handle the Afghani war of indepence? Historically the war bogged down to a stalemate, but Im sure that in game the British will without problems annex afghanistan.

MacGoring said:

This is what Ive been able to find with modest search of various internet sources, I tell you, its tough since almost no afghani official from this period was famous enough to warrant any internet notoriety.

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You've done rather well considering the circumstances.

MacGoring said:

Also, how will we handle the Afghani war of indepence? Historically the war bogged down to a stalemate, but Im sure that in game the British will without problems annex afghanistan.

Click to expand...

Fortunately we already have events for the Third Anglo-Afghan war, as events 106, 107 and 108 testify.

Take a look, by all means, although I think the existing events suffice. They allow for a short war pretty easily.

Could you please create a current list of national positions and time periods that still need to be filled in for the game. I know that many of the leaders of the African and Hispanic world are not in the 1897 game right now and I would like to help as I am involved in the professional study of history.

Also on the subject of the Afghan political system arms minister would probably be best described as a "tribal council" with the crooked kleptocrat as their trait.

While the tribal leaders did not steal from their government they were a model of uneffective leadership and generally did more harm than good to the Afghan government.

At the time the Afghan leader Abdur Rahman Khan and his son did not fully control the Afghan countryside and had to work through a series of councils and local warlords in a nation that was literally cut off from all of its parts during the winter months. Therefore most IC policies should be damaged by this difficulty.

shadow737 said:

Could you please create a current list of national positions and time periods that still need to be filled in for the game. I know that many of the leaders of the African and Hispanic world are not in the 1897 game right now and I would like to help as I am involved in the professional study of history.

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Hello.

Thank you for the offer of help - contributions are most welcome.

Some time ago we were in the habit of maintaining a list of which leader and minister lists were complete and which were still to be finished, but it fell into disuse. Once we had lists for all the countries featured in the mod, irrespective of how comprehensive, they were considered 'complete' for the meantime and left alone.

So the best way to establish what could be given further attention is to dowload the mod and the update file and look to see which lists are short of names and details.

Chinese and Russian lists still have various leaders not included. The countries most bereft of leaders and ministers are those in Latin America - and that is the case throughout the period covered by the mod (1897-1924). Because the 1897 scenario is the newest addition to the mod, it is inevitably short of detail. All Latin American states are short of leaders and ministers here, as are the minor African and Asian countries (excluding Korea).

If you wish to have more details, then send me a private message and I shall obligingly help you to the best of my ability.

I was researching some events in Japanese history tonight and here is just a short list of potential ministers for the Japanese in 1897.

Head of State (1897 to 1912) Emperor Meiji (Die-Hard Reformer)
Head of Government (1897 to 1906) Ito Hirobium (either Union Boss or Silent Workhorse)
Ito Hirobium could also be used for the arms and intelligence minister until 1908 when he was assassinated by Korean patriots while he was military governor of that province. Ito Hirobium was a member of a minor samuri family in feudal Japan, but when Emperor Meiji decided to reform the nation Hirobium joined his efforts and helped write the Meiji Constitution that created the constitutional monarchy, led major educational reforms which greatly raised the overall literacy rates of both men and women in Japan. During his time in government he led efforts to gather technicial and scientific information from the Western nations such as Germany, the USA, and Great Britain, and then modelled the Japanese Imperial Government into new systems that allowed Japan to become the only 19th Century non-Western nation to achieve a parity with European nations or the USA.
For these reasons Ito Hirobium would make a perfect candidate for
arms minister from 1897 to 1908 (either as a administrative genius or as a resource industrialist) and as
minister of intelligence from 1897 to 1908 (techinicial specialist) as his efforts to pull in new tech and methods did achieve great results for Japan.

Head of Government (1906 to 1914) still working on it
Head of Government and political group
Ookuma Shigenobu from April 16, 1914 ~ Constitution Colleague Club (union boss, corporate suit, insignificant layman, political protégé as possible choices)
Terauchi Masatake May 10, 1916 ~ Army (old general)
Hara Takashi July 29, 1918 ~ Political Colleague Club (political protégé, silent workhorse, naïve optimist, backroom backstabber)
Takahashi Korekiyo Nov. 13, 1921~ Political Colleague Club (political protégé, silent workhorse, naïve optimist, backroom backstabber)
Kato Tomosaburo June 12, 1922 ~ Marine (old admiral)
Yamamoto Gonbei Sep. 02, 1923 ~ Marine (old admiral)
Kiyoura Keigo Jan. 07, 1924 ~ the House of Peer (weary stiffneck, insignificant layman, happy amateur, or silent workhorse)
Katoh Takaaki June 11, 1925 ~ Constitution Political Club (conservative leaning club)
Wakatsuki Reijiro Jan. 30, 1926 ~ Constitution Political Club
Tanaka Giichi Feb. 04, 1927 ~ Constitution Colleague Club
Hamaguchi Okichi July 02, 1929 ~ Constitution Liberal Politic Party (liberal market club)
Wakatsuki Reijiro April 20, 1931~ Constitution Colleague Club
Inukai Tsuyoshi Dec. 12, 1931~ Constitution Colleague Club

Possible foreign or arms minister (served in both capacities from the start of the Meiji period until his death in 1915) Kaoru Inoue (military type, but also very good with financial reforms, wanted to exclude the “barbarians“ so maybe an iron-fisted brute or ideological crusader as Foreign minister)
As a arms minister probably (laissez faire capitalist or Military Entrepreneur)

I’m leaving some of these undefined either to allow for creator control or further research


I need to know how much detail you want on leaders. Some men are about as well known as a phantom without the right langauge skills and other have been defended religiously by their followers, so do you want un the unvarished truth or good enough to make an assessment of their character for the game?

Forgot to include Emperor Taishō: Head of State from July 30th, 1912 to Dec. 25, 1926. (probably should be considered weak as he suffered from repeated neurological problems and general bad health during his entire reign) The game really needs to add a couple of character types.

Also most if not all of the Japanese leader would need to be social conservatives, military autocrats, paternal autocrats, with the left wing being market liberals during this period.

I think there shall have to be events to simulate the pendulum of power swinging between Ito and the constitutionally-minded Kenseito and the more conservative elements in Japanese politics, particularly Yamagata and Katsura.

Someone is working on Japanese ministers 1897-1914 - I have managed to find the names of the key office holders, although chiefs of military intelligence (predictably) remains a mystery. Chiefs of Staff, Army and Navy for the period would be useful here. Taisho is included as an 'Insignificant Layman', which I think it pretty accurate; Count Inoue served as Interior and Finance Minister in two Ito administrations, so he'll be included...

We have got a very large number of Japanese leaders covering 1897-1924 and I suspect that we shan't require many more. Finding a few air pilots would be useful though.

Part of the problem with the Japanese is that so often the Shogun (pre-game) and then the Prime Minister ran the intelligence service during most of the game period. While a mission might have been given to a particular officer or noble that might entail the control of a group of spies for a sustained period of time most often the Prime Minister or the Foreign Minister would be the most likely candidate for the position of Minister of Intelligence as the Japanese culture developed with a tendency for xenophobic thoughts about the world.

The Japanese first acquired aircraft fom Europe in 1910 and they developed this branch as initially part of the Kaigun (Imperial Japanese Navy). I'm trying to locate the Admiral in charge of the Naval Air Service for the war years.

Though for the AI it might make sense for the Japanese Naval AI to push for the development of seaplane carriers in 1915 or 1916 and coverted cruiser carriers (Honsho and Shokako (might have mispelled) by the early 1920s

Sorry about supplying info you already had.
Here are a few events that might help to changing the government around and also might add a little bit of danger to the Pacific in the 1900s before and after the war.

The Great White Fleet: TR's government sends part of the US Navy on a "tour of the Pacific" possible war with Japan.

Taft-Katsura Agreement 1905: The future US President Taft and the Japanese Foreign minister Katsura sign a treaty that recognizes the US rights to Guam and the Philippines and Japanese rights to Korea. Without this agreement the US and Japan would likely have started a limited war in the Pacific. Also recognized Japanese interests in "stability" in China.

1907 San Francisco School Segregation Incident: coupled with the legal prohibtion in the US against the sale of land to Japanese immigrants, damaged US-Japanese relations.

1911 Great Treason Incident.

Taisho Crisis 1913: A series of serious governmental blunders with high dissent also would provide a good way to remove or replace several ministers. The general problem was that the government was divided with the hawks represented by Army Minister UEHARA Yusaku, who wanted to expand the military budget, and the liberals led by TERAUCHI Masatake, who wanted to maintain a smaller military budget. When the Army Minister resigned in protest the Cabinet collapsed and a new government needed to be formed.

Lansing-Ishii Agreement 1917: expanded Japanese rights regarding Chinese "stability", US pledge to essentially not interfere with Japanese actions in northern territory (Manchuria) or island of Formosa

1921 Washington Conference : Naval treaty limiting the total number of ships any one of the five great naval powers can have. Without this treaty a naval arms race is guranteed with the high probability of a naval war between the USA and Japan in the 1920s.

The Siemens Scandal of 1914 caused the downfall of the Yamamoto government and is also worth putting in.

All the other suggestions are perfectly sound. It is preferable that there should be a large number events which could lead to war - it's the point of the game after all.

Exactly why are we discussing this in the leader thread?

Zuckergußgebäck said:

Exactly why are we discussing this in the leader thread?

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It just happened.

I was reading a couple of posts up and noticed a minister related post for Afghistan and did not check to see if there was a minister thread as well. I will correct this in the future.

Truly sorry about that.

http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait

This website does have portraits and brief histories for many of the Japanese leaders, military and otherwise. It's the National Diet's website so the portraits are very good.

Once again sorry if you already have this information.

Allenby said:

I have managed to find the names of the key office holders, although chiefs of military intelligence (predictably) remains a mystery.

Click to expand...

I have some names for early period:

Akashi Motojiro: colonel, legendary japanese spy, from 1900 y. - military agent in Europe, head of japanese spy net against Russia in Russo-Japanese War.

Yasumasa Fukushima: man, who created japanese military intelligence and kempeitai police.

A good idea to use prime-ministers as heads of intelligence. For example, Ito Hirobumi can be used from the beginning of the game till 1909 as political specialist. Saito Makoto - as naval intelligence specialist and so on.

shadow737 said:

http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait

This website does have portraits and brief histories for many of the Japanese leaders, military and otherwise. It's the National Diet's website so the portraits are very good.

Once again sorry if you already have this information.

Click to expand...

It looks like a very good source. Thanks!

Koritech said:

Yasumasa Fukushima: man, who created japanese military intelligence and kempeitai police.

Click to expand...

A good addition.

Rikichi Tsukada: Army Air Service flight trainer

Lieutenant General Baron Yoshitoshi Tokugawa : early Japanese pilot, first flew in 1910, helped design early Japanese aircraft, a sort of "Billy Mitchell" type for Japan.

Takeo Yasuda: Naval Air Service flight trainer

All three I believe were involved in the Japanese Air Service (either Army or Naval during WWI) and survived to train the next generation.

Part of the problem here is that the Japanese Air Services fought who exactly in World War I? Most of the leaders that made the revolutionary leaps in Japanese air craft and tactics in the late 1920s and early 1930s, both naval and army were more likely to have been observers in the European nations, attached as the military attache, if memory serves Adm. Yamamoto was attached to at least one or two diplomatic missions in his early career.

As most of the air commanders are skill level 1 in 1914 that should be pretty standard.

The problem that I have run into in researching Japanese fliers in the early days of flight seems to be a high number of short careers ended suddenly by plane crashes, engine failures, and explosions.

The Japanese developed their own airplane industry after 1912 and went through numerous pilots who were also in the military with a career counted in weeks or days as they fielded their first wave of planes.

Still more went back to the army or navy after a brief career with planes and the reality of the firebombing campaign at the end of World War II seems to have reduced the overall number of records in these two sevices from the early days dramatically.

I doubt that the Japanese were alone in suffering a high attrition rate during the development of their air service. Sometimes it can be difficult finding how many of these leaders died prematurely because they are often so obscure, so I expect that a great many of the air leaders in the mod are inaccurately portrayed in some respect.

I have added Tsukada and Yashuda. Tokugawa was already in.