The Failure of Heeresgruppe Nord
Retreating Panzer III of the 5. PzKorps after the defeat in Grodno
The Luftwaffe it was, then. The only force still left to the Germans to achieve victory. The Heinkels and Stukas should be a flying cavalry, winged reinforcements and the desperately needed relief. Countless attacks were flewn from the airfields in Warsaw and Königsberg, bombs detonating and scorching the earth that was chosen as the battlefield. Fiery steel rained onto the defenders and the earth was ploughed with deep craters. And yet they were not to be beaten. At 1400 hours on the 28th, it seemed for a moment as if the 5th Panzerkorps would make it. Hubicki's Panzerdivision still was the freshest unit on the german side and hade made steady progress for the last 30 hours or so on the southern front.
That was where General Pavlov had decided to strike. 10 divisions was all he could spare for the counterattack. Just 10 divisions against 14 german ones! Normally that would have been out of question. This time, however, was different. At 1400 hrs his army started to attack the southern german front in Alytus and hit the german lines hard.
The phone in the Wolfsschanze never ceased to ring that day. Angry shouts, commands, furious action – Korps were ordered here, then moved elsewhere, then back again – is was to no avail. Even Hitler had to recognize that the battle for Grodno had been lost a second time. The attack was called off and all participating units were immediately ordered to dig in and to keep Alytus out of the Stalins grasp. If anything at least this minimal aim should be reached, as Alytus would be badly needed for the next attack.
The fighting continued into the night of the 29th and Hitler even got his hopes up for a counterattack of the 1. Armee into Siauliau, to put pressure from the North on the advancing Russians.
It was not to be. Pavlovs forces swept away the totally exhausted defenders of Alytus like a storm sweeps away dry leaves in autumn. The german positions were overrun and at midnight the whole frontline collapsed as the survivors retreated towards the Reich.
The defence, however, had been just long enough. Further north, this should prove fatal to the Kessel of Mazirbe. The III. AK attacked from the South directly into the heart of the encirclement and captured nearly 25,000 Russians. Mazirbe was not to remain in german hands. With the fall of Alytus, all german forces north of Memel were ordered to retreat to avoid russian encirclements. The attack on Riga would not be carried out.
A week into Barbarossa OKW had to admit that the Soviets had been underestimated. Now damage control seemed to be the law of the hour.