Final Part Of Areopoli Section
Nika! The Rise Of Modern Greece
The Hungry Dog Returns: Part Five
The Battle Of Areopoli started on February 3, 1872. The British, on that fateful day, fought a very different kind of klepht. The klephtes of 1872 were modernized and organized. They actually formed a coherent fighting force. Commanded by the brilliant genius of Gregory Theotokis, they posed a serious threat to the heavily outnumbering British force.
Starting the battle with all the bombs and traps going off at once stalled and terrified every British troop. The massive line of British soldiers disembarking on the beach froze for minutes before moving on the beach. Not only did the bombs kill over a thousand British soldiers, but it psychologically and physically wounded even more. The reason why the bombs were so effective is because when the British landed, all the men were very close together and packed in. When the dynamite would explode it would send more then 10 men in the air and terrify the soldiers, who though that the area was abandoned.
Immediately after that strategy, the Greeks opened fire on the beach with their artillery and guns. Massive guns imported from Germany, mortal enemies of France, also helped rain down hell on the beach. From the ridges overlooking the beach, the Greeks were able to fire artillery for a fair amount of time before the British on the beach knew where it came from. Covered in camouflage, one could barely tell where the Greeks were.
But by the time the British stopped panicking on the beach and found the Greeks, it was much too late. They had lost thousands of men, once again from overcrowding the beach, and even more were wounded. British General Burlington decided to set up the artillery and fire on the Greeks, while light infantry men would climb up the hills to fight the Greeks face to face.
So as the massive artillery battle continued, the British troops moved up the rocky slopes. The Greeks also fired on those men as well, but they were heavily outnumbered. A barricade of wood, doors, wagons, anything anyone could find, was placed in front of the Greek militia. The evacuated population of Areopoli started to panic more and more as the British drew closer, and soon thousands of civilians were sprinting, in a horde, away from the British.
This chaotic scene only caused more problems for both sides. The Greek klephtes could barely tell whether it was the women and children running away, or their own men. So the panic spread to the Greek army itself, and the klephtes began to retreat as well. Up into the mountains they went as the British men finally tasted victory. However the British could barely say they won the battle. They had taken 15,000 casualties while the Greeks took less than 100.
The British did however take the city of Areopoli, although it was abandoned. Nevertheless the key city allowed the British to rest. But the British were very angry. As they entered the city at last, a great fire broke out. No one can say for sure who started it, whether it was the Greek klephtes striking with one last trap, or whether it was angry British soldiers wanting to pillage the town. Whoever it was, the fire started and whipped through the town. The fire engulfed the entire city in the night and killed even more British soldiers. The formidable force of 100,000 British men was exhausted and ready to die only a day into their invasion of Mani.
Over the course of the year, the British occupied Areopoli, never moving an inch. As the trench filled stalemate in Anatolia continued, a stalemate developed in Mani. The common British soldier was now almost afraid of the vicious Greek klephtes. They had taken about 30,000 casualties in a week and now refused to strike at the Greeks.
Throughout 1872, the British rebuilt Areopoli themselves so they could have a city to stay in. The British military, running out of manpower, could afford no reinforcements for the British army in Mani. As the British made Areopoli their residence, the Greek klephtes continued to harass them. Supplies could only come by sea, as the British learned. Small groups of British soldiers sent to forage, never returned as the hidden Greek guerrillas in the mountains always attacked them. However, no major engagements took place throughout the year. The British had captured the abandoned Greek artillery after the Battle of Areopoli.
But in November of 1872, the Greek klephtes finally received more military supplies of artillery and explosives. In the middle of the month the Greeks developed a new strategy. They would plant bombs throughout the city and detonate them in the middle of the night. They did this as other Greeks moved their artillery pieces on the hills once again. In the middle of the night, as drunken British soldiers were going to sleep, a deep horn was sounded and dynamite exploded throughout the British camp, while artillery shells shattered the buildings. The British fleet resting in the harbor of Areopoli was also damaged. The docks were destroyed by explosions and many British transports were also ruined.
Within a couple of hours, the British men were retreating from the flaming city once and for all. But as they retreated to the docks, they found that they were destroyed. They were forced to climb over all the wreckage on the beach and board the depleted fleet. But a panic ensued as they realized that there were not enough transports for all the men. Fighting broke out within minutes as the British soldiers fought over transport ships. Under a rain of artillery shells and fire, the ships left the harbor while about 5,000 men were left behind, only to be consumed by the fire.
Areopoli was again in flames as the British soldiers watched from their ships. The terrifying brutality of 1872 in Mani, and the screaming of men burning alive caused embarrassment for both Britain and Greece. Britain had been crushed by an unorganized force of 5,000 bandits. Greece had fought dishonorably with all of their guerrilla attacks and bombings and they were depicted as barbaric. Nevertheless, it was the British who suffered the most. Over 50,000 men had been lost, and about 20,000 more were injured. When news reached Emperor Constantine, he was said to have cried out in joy, while Queen Victoria wept for hours. Returning home was an insane British army, scarred by all that took place on the charred fields of Mani.