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Orctavius

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Crescent, Cross, and Eagle: The Struggle for Al-Andalus

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The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba has collapsed. It has been 30 years since Hisham III, the final Caliph of Cordoba, fled the city. Al-Andalus has been divided between a dozen tafias, independent emirs answerable only to Allah, but lacking the strength of their forbearers who seized this land from the Visagoths over 350 years ago. In the north, Christian Kings smell weakness and dream of a Reconquista. Will Al-Andalus unite and repel the invaders or will armies of Christendom triumph? Whichever prevails, the victor will no know peace as an unknown enemy stirs in lands beyond the setting sun.

Crescent, Cross, and Eagle is a Crusader Kings 2 After Action Report in which I will be playing the Abadaid Emirs of Seville starting in the year 1066. I intend to hold off the Reconquista while conquering my fellow Muslims until such time as I am strong enough to attack the Christians and unify Iberia. I’m also turning on Sunset Invasion, which I hope will keep the campaign interesting even in the late game.

Chapter 1: The Emir of Seville (1066-1071)
Chapter 2: Shield of Al-Andalus (1071-1086)
Chapter 3: Sword of Al-Andalus (1086-1096)
Chapter 4: Threshold of Greatness (1096-1103)

Chapter 5: Cataclysm (1103-1108)

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Mods in Use:
Exclave Independence
Blue Duke
Personal mod that increases the short reign opinion penalty, scales back the de jure territory of the Holy Roman and Byzantine Empires, and increases the starting military technology level in East Africa
 
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Chapter 1: The Emir of Seville (1066-1071)

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Already 50 years old, Emir Abbad of the Abbadid Emirate is no longer a young man. He is also a glutton and a coward in battle. Yet, he is also ambitious and seeks build an enduring legacy that he can leave to his son Muhammad. From his seat in the Capital of Seville, the Emir sees a divided land that will surely fall futher into ruin if he does not bring it under his protection.

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If he is to succeed in battle Emir Abbad realizes he must first fulfill his greatest obligation to God and embarks on the Hajj to Mecca. The journey is arduous, but the Emir returns to Seville a humbled man and ready to take on the great task that has been set before him.

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But the world did not stop in his absence. Upon returning to Seville, Emir learns that Emir Ahamd of the Hudid Emirate is being attacked by the Christian Kings, Sancho of Aragon and Sancho of Castile. Being from the same house and possessing the same given name, Abbad thinks to himself that it is fortunate that they are both kings as well, or else their jealously would know no bounds.

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Ahamd calls for aid and Abbad answers.

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Abbad gathers his host and marches north. Upon their arrival, they discover and army of the faithful already engaged in battle with the Christians. A Muslim victory is practically assured thanks to their superior numbers and Abbad resolves to personally lead one of his army flanks, but at the last minute he is overcome with a great terror and appoints one of his commanders to lead the flank in his place preferring to observe the battle from afar.

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His men give thanks to God in the battle’s aftermath, but Abbad is overcome with shame for his cowerdice and resolves to show bravery in future battles.

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Abbad takes personal command on his army’s eastern flank as they pursue the retreating enemy, eventually cornering their foes in the County of Navarra. The faithful enjoy an easy victory thanks to their superior numbers, but the Emir is struck by an arrow while purising a fleeing King Sancho. As ne he is carried from the field in great pain, Abbad wonders if the injury is God’s punishment for his earlier cowardice or a the price he must pay for an easy victory, perhaps it is both.


A few more battles ensue. Although the war is not over, God has clearly favored the Muslims who now enjoy an significant advantage in the conflict. Emir Abbad uses the opportunity to return to Seville to regather his levies.

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While resting in his palace, Emir Abbad looks south to Cadiz whose infant Shiek Muhammud has contributed no soldiers to the common defense of Al-Andalus. Clearly he is governed by an unworthy regent. Furthermore, by all rights, Cadiz should pay homage to Seville. Before regathering his levies, Abbad sends a declaration of war to Cadiz vowing to end misrule in the province by bringing it into the Abbadid Emerite.

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The defenders of Cadiz flee at the sight of Abbad’s host and the Emir achieves an easy victory following a siege of the sheikdom’s capital.


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The Christian offensive has also concluded, at least for now, and Emir Abbad resolves to focus on his true goal of unifying Al-Andalus. Cordoba, the seat of the last Caliph, lies just north of Abbad’s own capital and is governed by an oligarchy, unfit to govern from what was once the palace of a caliph.

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The defenders of Cordoba fight with a valor that Abbad cannot help but admire, but in the end they are overwhelmed by the Abbadid Emerite’s superior numbers.

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The oligarchy is expelled and Emir Abbad thanks God for his victory. He establishes himself in the old Caliph’s palace and looks out a window wondering how many years he has left to accomplish his dream.
 
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Seems like a sound plan of action, a clear ambition, and two successful early wars.
 
Good luck, when the Aztec come you'll need it. :p
 
Chapter 2: Shield of Al-Andalus (1071-1086)

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Though he still revels in his victory at Cordoba, Emir Abbad has little opportunity to celebrate his victory. A messenger has brought word that the Dhunnunid Emirate to the northeast of Abbad’s domain is being invaded by King Alfonso of Leon. Once more, Abbad must become the Shield of Al-Andalus.

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Though the old fear is still with him, the Emir mounts his horse and leads his army away from the comforts of Cordoba. Eventually, they reach the town of Cuenca, which has already been occupied by Leonese soldiers. Abbad orders his men to prepare to lay siege town, but after several days a Christian army arrives with orders to lift the siege. The Emir reckons their numbers to be roughly equivalent to his own. Though victory is not a foregone conclusion, he orders the men to ready themselves for battle.

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The ensuing battle is hard fought, but the Abbadid army proves victorious in the end.

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The Emir goes to rest in his tent having been exhausted by the fighting. When he awakes the next day, Abbad discovers that the injury he took years ago when he first fought against the Christians has finally healed.

Though the war against Leon continues, their offensive has been blunted and victory seems likely regardless of Abbad’s continued participation. Abbad feels comfortable focusing on other matters and returns to Seville with his army following the liberation of Cuenca. It does not take him long to find a new target.

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It is a sad thing, but Emir Abbad knows that he must make war on his fellow Muslims as well as the Christians if Al-Andalus is ever to be reunited. The lands of Emir Abu-Bakr of the Aftasid Emirate lie just to the north of the Abbadid Emerite and shares a lengthy border with the Abbadid Emerite. Abbad vows to move the border northwards.

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Emir Abbad moves his army into Aftasid territory and begins laying siege to their castles. But while Abbad was occupied, Abu-Bakr gathered a host, even greater than Abbad's. When the two armies met at Monsaraz, Abbad’s forces were decimated and the survivors were forced to limp back to Seville.

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Though he had lost many men, Abbad is not out of the fight yet. With promises of gold, he gains the service of a company of Bedouin warriors to aid him in battle.

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Abbad regroups his forces and once again marches north. When the two armies meet again, it is the Aftasids who are annihilated.

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Following a few successful sieges, Abu-Bakr surrendars and agrees to Abbad's territorial demands.

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Though they had been enemies on the battlefield, Abbad felt no ill-will to Abu-Bakr. Both Abbad and Abu-Bakr were brothers in Islam, which is why Abbad fell into a great fury when he heard that the King of Leon had invaded the Aftasid Emerite before its levies could recover. Abu-Bakr begrudgingly accepted Abbad ‘s offer of assistance. When Abbad caught the Leonese army, they were few in number as a civil war had broken out in Leon and many of their soldiers had returned home. Abbad had those who remained cut down like wheat for the harvest.

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Enjoying a rare respite from war and battle, Emir Abbad takes a moment to attend to spiritual matters, embracing the Mu’tazila school of Islam, which promotes rational thought, and begins to promote the school of thought within his realm. Surely, encouraging reason and inquiry will foster innovation throughout his realm.

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The Emirate of Granada is under attack by two rival Emirs. Abbad quickly declares war as well and seizes Granada in a lightning fast conquest, before separately defeating the other two attacking Emirs.

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Kafnai of Sankt Veith, a wandering Jew, has arrived in Seville. Emir Abbad is impressed with the man’s experience with intrigues at rival courts and immediately appoints Kafnai as his new spymaster.

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Kafnai’s appointment could not come soon enough as they spymaster uncovers a plot by Abbad’s grandson Fath to assassinate Abbad’s son Muhammad, Fath’s own father. Abbad is disgusted by his grandson’s treachery and orders the duplicitous youth seized and thrown in the dungeon.

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Having finished attending to domestic matters for the moment, Abbad returns to the field. This time he sets his sights on the Sheik of Alansia who after another brief war kneels before the Emir and offers him homage.

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Fresh from his victory at Alancia, Abbad learns that the so-called Emir Tamim of Granada, a province he no longer holds, has embraced Shia Islam. Abbad vows to end Tamim's misrule before the rival faith can get a foothold in Al-Andalus. Furthermore, the Almoravids, whose lands lie across the Strait of Gibraltar, have also declared war on Tamim, so Abbad must act soon lest they use Tamim’s heresy as an excuse to seize his remaining holdings as their own.

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Abbad’s forces move quickly and easily overwhelm Tamim soldiers thanks. The so-called Emir surrenders the last of his holdings to Abbad and departs in exile to Fatimid Egypt.

Emir Abbad is feeling his years more than ever now that he is almost 70. In particular, he has great trouble breathing. He consults with his physician, who informs the Emir that he has consumption and is not long for this world.

Emir Abbad is furious. He still not close to accomplishing his dream of a unified Al-Andalus. He needs more time. Yet, he must still try. Once again he looks north to the Aftasid Emerite and calls for a great host after first dispatching a messenger to Emir Abu-Bakr with a declaration of war.

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Abu-Bakr’s armies move boldly and invade the Abbadid Emerite before Abbad’s armies can fully assemble and catching small army unaware. While the Aftasid enjoy an easy victory, the main Abbadid army moves in, catching the Aftasids and overwhelming them.

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Wheezing in his armor, Emir Abbad struggles through the battle. He realizes that his dream of a unified Al-Andalus will never come to pass in his lifetime. But if he has perspective and patience, perhaps it will happen in future generations.

Victorious in battle, Abbad takes his army north and begins laying siege to the Aftasid castles he has claimed. However, before the last siege is complete the Emir receive an unexpected message.

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Throughout his rule, Emir Abbad has always carefully watched the Christian kingdoms to the north, warry of attack, and looked for opportunities to expand amongst the fellow tafias of Al-Andalus, but he has spent scant time thinking of the Almoravids to south. That may have been a grave error for now Sultan Ismail of the Almoriavid Sultanate marshalled to seize Abbad’s side of the strait that divided their realms.

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Rather than rushing south to meet the Sultan, Emir Abbad is patient and finishes sieging the remaining holdings he needed to convince the Aftasid Emirate to Surendar.

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With one war done, Emir Abbad moves his army south to Seville, where they rendezvouse with a mercenary company of Taureg warriors that Abbad thought it prudent to hire.

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Emir Abbad’s breathing has grown painful and coughs up blood regularly. None the less, he mounts his horse and joins the army on its march south to meet the Almoravids. Abbad’s host would have roughly equaled the Almoravids, but with the addition of the Tauregs Abbad is able to overwhelm the Almoravids and drive them back across the strait.

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Though he has taken no wound, Abbad needs to be carried back to his tent in the battle’s aftermath. As his servants lay him down, Abbad thinks of his only son Muhammad and wishes they had spent more time together. He also thinks of Al-Andalus and the task Abbad had set himself, a burden his son must now take up. Abbad’s eyelids grow heavy and he closes them for the last time.
 
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Well he had a very good run, and certainly leaves things in a reasonable state for his succesor.
 
Chapter Three: Sword of Al-Andalus (1086-1096)

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Muhammad II assumes his father place as Emir of the Abbadid Emirate in 1086 at the age of 46 following his father’s death. Muhammad is an ambitious man who, like his late father, dreams of a united Al-Andalus.

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The Abbadid Emirate has doubled in over the last two decades become the largest taffia in Al-Andalus, possessing almost twice as many provinces as its largest Muslim neighbor the Dhunnunid Emirate.

Muhammad is a widower whose wife Itimad died from a sickness several years ago. Their’s was a deep love. Her passing hit Muhammad hard and he sill carries a token of her affection. Before her passing, Itimad gave Muhammad six children, five sons and an only daughter who is married to the Sheik of Cadiz.

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Of his sons, Muhammad’s favorite is his fourth son Abdallah who recently came of age. Abdallah has shown himself to be pious, shrewd, and brave, all that could be desired in a son. One of Muhammad’s first acts as emir is to elevate Abdallah to the tile of Sheik in charge of several provinces. The move designates Abdallah as Muhammad’s heir, passing over several older brothers.

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Muhammad also arranges for Abdallah to marry a Bedouin woman named Saghar. She posses a powerful natural intellect, which Muhammad hopes will be inherited by his grandchildren.

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Although his father drove the Almoravid host back across strait, the two realms have yet to sign terms of peace. Muhammad orders the Abbadid host to pursue the remnants of the enemy forces and lay siege to the Sultan’s capital. He need not have bothered.

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With the sultan’s levies depleted, his cousin Yusef raises a banner of rebellion, laying claim to the Almoravid Sultanate. Muhammad order’s the host to return to Al-Andalus, leaving the Almoravids to fight amongst themselves.

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Although no woman could replace the Muhammad’s first wife in his heart, the emir decides to remarry as he needs a partner to help manage the lands he inherited from his father. He selects his new wife based on the skills

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At last, an opportunity to strike against the Christian realms north has presented itself. Nuno, King of Leon and Galicia, is in a war with his Christian brother in Castile. Nuno is a basted who usurped his true born brothers thrown and has since been excommunicated by the Pope for his crimes. Other Christian realms are not like to come to Leon’s aid while it is ruled by such a man and several other Taifas have already gone on the attack. Muhammad decides to act similarly and declares a holy war for the Duchy of Portucale in Galicia.

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While his host gathers, Muhammad sends a messenger with terms of the surrender back across the strait. Muhammad is amused to learn that the messenger was forced to deliver the terms to a dungeon where the now overthrown sultan has been imprisoned by his cousin.

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The Christians were not as devided as Muhammad believed. Navarre and Aragon both answer Leon’s call for aid and add their hosts to his. Their combined armies intercept the Abbadid host as it marches on Portucale. Fortunately, Muhammad had augmented his own host with a band of mercenaries, making to two hosts roughly equal in number.

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The battle was hard fought, but in the Abbadid host triumphed in the end, forcing the Leonese to retreat and leaving the road to Portucale open. Muhammad orders the host to continue its march. The army lays siege to the Duchy’s castles. Numo surrenders once the Abbadids siege down a several holdings in Portucale, acknowledging Muhammad’s rule over the region.

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Alas, no victory is without cost. Muhammad’s fifth son Abdul-Ramon was grievously wounded during the fighting and died of his injuries several days after the battle. Abdul-Ramon had been living a decadent lifestyle, so Muhammad decides to make him a Commander in the army, give him some responsibility and put some steel in his heart. Perhaps he should have let the boy alone, but it is too late for such thoughts. Muhammad chooses to remember his son as a hero.

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Several Catholic lords now pay homage to Emir Muhammad now that he rules Portucale. He dispatches his Court Iman to the region to convert his new subjects to the true faith. He also begins adjusting the Emirate’s laws so he can revoke their titles in the future should they prove resistant to conversion.

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Having finished attending to domestic matters, Emir Muhammad looks for fresh conquests. His eyes fall upon the Dhunnunid Emirate led by Emir Isma’il, the second largest Taifa in Al-Andalus.

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The fighting does not go well at first as the Dhunnunid’s put the Abbadid’s host to flight.

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However, Muhammad regroups his army and supplements their numbers with mercenaries. When the two armies meet again, the Abbadids have a clear numerical advantage and emerge victorious.

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The Dhunnunids concede the province after a few more skirmishes and sieges.

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Dire news from Rome, the Catholic Pope has begun preaching for a Catholic kingdoms to form a great host of “crusaders.” For now, the Pope is focused on the holy city of Jerusalem, but in time he may begin to preach a crusade against Al-Andalas. A new age of religious warfare has begun. Muhammad cracks his knuckles.
 
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Yes, one wouldn't want to become a target of a Crusade too early. That would be ... inconvenient.
 
I like the look of this and brave indeed to have Sunset Invasion turned on-count me in!
 
I am honored to report that Crescent, Cross, and Eagle has been named this week's WritARR of the Week.
A worthy winner. Now let’s see how your Emir deals with the Age of the Crusades.

A question: how big is your treasury? You seem to be able to hire mercenaries at will.
 
Good thing if the focus of the pope remains in the East...
 
A question: how big is your treasury? You seem to be able to hire mercenaries at will.

Muhammad had 928 gold in his treasury in 1096 when the ARR currently leaves off. However, Muhammad's father's finances were much more shakey. Here's a picture of Abbad's steward saving the day by securing a special tithe in Seville when the treasury was almost completely depleted. It was taken in Part II following the conquest of Grenada when Abbad was still dealing the last of the rival Emirs who had also been invading the province. I'll try to include more realm management elements in the main narrative going forward.

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Muhammad had 928 gold in his treasury in 1096 when the ARR currently leaves off. However, Muhammad's father's finances were much more shakey. Here's a picture of Abbad's steward saving the day be securing a special tithe in Seville when the treasury was almost completely depleted. It was taken in Part II following the conquest of Grenada when Abbad was still dealing the last of the rival Emirs who had also been invading the province. I'll try to include more realm management elements in the main narrative going forward.

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Yes not having cash is a serious limiter...that said there are always the Jewish moneylenders...
 
Chapter Four: Threshold of Greatness (1096-1103)

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Despite his bravado, Emir Muhammad is relieved to hear that the crusade's target will be the holy city of Jerusalem and not the Abbadid Emirate. Jerusalem is currenlty possessed by the Fatimid Sultanate who rule the Levant from Egypt. Unlike the Abbadids, the Fatimids are practitioners of Shia Islam and this conflict is no concern of his.

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Although Emir Muhammad will not be testing himself against the might of the Crusade this year, there are still plenty of Christians for him to fight in Al-Andalus. The young King Alfonso VI of Castille has declared his own Holy War against the Dhunnunid Emirate. The Catholic King seeks to exploit the recent conflict between the Dhunnunids and the Abbadids. Emir Muhammad refuses to allow to them to take advantage of the situation and offers aid to his former enemy.

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The Abbadids meets the Catholic host near the Castilian border laying siege to a Dhunnunid holding. The Abbadids win the day thanks to their superior numbers and drive the Alfonso across the border.

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After liberating the holdings captured by the Castilians, Muhammad orders his host north into Catholic territory and begins laying siege to Alfonso's holdings. The King of Castile surrenders after the first of his castle falls.

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Seeking to secure his southern border, Muhammad arranges a betrothal between his eldest son Abbad and the granddaughter of the Almoravid Sultan, signing a non-aggression pact with the aging Sultan's heir. The girl suffers from a deformity, but Abbad is not Muhammad’s heir despite his seniority, thus the Emir is more interested in peace across the Strait than that his grandchildren will be well-formed.

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Continuing his father’s mission to unify Al-Andalus, Muhammad looks to the Jattabid Emirate, whose territory had been completely encircled by the Abbadid Emirate. Muhammad half-handedly sends a declaration of war to Emir Abd-al-Wahid and waits for his armies to return victorious.

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He does not have to wait long. Muhammad then rubs salt in Abd-al-Wahid’s wounds by claiming the claiming the Emirate of Murcia as one of his own titles, rendering Abd-al-Wahid a mere Sheikh. If he is ever to be acknowledged as a Sultan, Muhammad must first be acknowledged as Emir of multiple Emirates.

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Still hungry, Muhammad then turns his eyes towards his old rival the Aftasid Emirate and declares a border war to seize the province of Caceres from the weakened Emirate.

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The Aftasids are easily overwhelmed, but Muhammad is forced to recall his host when he hears that the Christian Duke Pere-Ramon of Barcelona has declared a holy war against the former Emir now Sheikh of Almaria. The Abbadid host rushes to the south to expel the Barcelonans before they can gain full control of the province.

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Muhammad's son’s fiancé Aaliyah has come of age and is welcomed into the Emir's court as his wife. Their marriage finalizes the non-aggression pact between Muhammad and her father.

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Following the wedding, Muhammad takes his army north again and finishes conquering Caceres.

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Muhammad takes stock of his realm. He is by far the greatest of Al-Andalus’ Emirs, possessing over half the provinces traditionally recognized as part of Al-Andalus. His treasury overflows with gold and a great host of men wait for his command. Is it not time that men should recognize Muhammad, not only as Emir of Seville, but as Sultan of Al-Andalus?

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It is not. Though all recognize Muhammad’s temporal might, there are none who recognize him as a pious ruler and a good Muslim. He has called himself the Sword of Al-Andalus, but, in truth, Muhammad has spent most of his reign warring against his brothers in Islam. When he has fought Christians, he hast left the fighting to his commanders, failing to earn the piety that comes from personally leading soldiers enemies of other faiths. Worst of all, though he possesses great wealth, Muhammad has never participated in the Hajj to Mecca, the sacred pilgrimage that all Muslims with the means to do so must undertake.

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Muhammad seeks to correct his behavior. First, Muhammad opens his treasury and gives a great gift to the poor and needy of Al-Andalus. Sadaqah is considered a pious act and even the Caliph of Bagdad hears of Muhammad’s good work.

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While Muhammad is tearfully handing away his gold, word comes from the east that the Shia Caliph of Egypt has defeated the Christen Crusade for the holy city of Jerusalem.

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This is good news. Muhammad can travel to Mecca without risking getting caught in the fighting. He immediately departs for the Hajj, bringing with him his eldest son Abbad who Muhammad had passed over in the succession and forced to marry a hunchbacked woman. No doubt, they will be able to put aside any acrimony that might stand between them as they undertake this holiest of journeys.

Fortunately, the Hajj goes well and they return to Seville where Muhammad makes a great public show of his newfound piety.

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Upon his return, Muhammad looks for more ways to show that he is a pious Muslim. Happily, Alfonso VI of Castile has once again decided to attack the Muslims of Al-Andalus, this time targeting the Aftasid emirate. Muhammad rallies his forces to defend Al-Andalus, this time leading his army from the vanguard.

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By fighting Castile, Muhammad demonstrates not only his piety as Muslim, but also his skill as a battle commander.

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Having proven his piety, surely the other Emirs will recognize him as Sultan now.

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No, they will not. While Muhamad busied himself finding cynical ways to demonstrate his piety, one of Muhammad’s vassals, the Sheikh of Malaga, laid claim to the Emirate of Mallorca. The former Shiekh now styles himself Emir of the Shaheen Emirate and Muhammad’s equal. The Emir’s seat of Malaga, once reckoned part of Muhammad’s’ realm is now part of another realm. Despite having shown himself to be a pious ruler, Muhammad no longer controls over half of Al-Andalus and can therefore no longer claim the title of Sultan.

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Disheartened, Emir Muhammad dies in the year 1103, having never earned the right to call himself Sultan. Rule of the Abbadid Emirate now passes to his favored son Abdallah.
 
Can Abdullah do what Muhammad could not? Falconry may be a noble skill, but Lords are not so easy to fly as hawks.
 
A rather anticlactic end to Mohammed’s tenure as Sheikh